When entering the debate on politics, multiple issues arise and the concepts that involve it are not always well delineated.
Some are considered synonymous, even though they deal with different subjects, as is the case of state, Nation and Government.
Of great relevance to international politics and the context of geopolitics, we will detail them below.
Index
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state
- State divisions
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Nation
- nation states
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Government
- types of government
state
State is understood as the administrative unit of a territory. Seen as the most important institution belonging to social control, the State has the functions of guaranteeing national sovereignty, providing public order and effecting social well-being.
He also owns the monopoly of legitimate violence, in which the military acts in order to maintain security and order. And by failing to maintain it, it is believed that it has lost some of its function or its legitimacy.
State divisions
A State is constituted by the tripod of territory, population and government.
In the case of modern States, the categorization takes place in three powers:
Executive (executes the laws), Legislative (formulates the legislation) and judiciary (judging the rules).Nation
Nation is a complex concept to be analyzed, as it contemplates the cultural and historical universe of society. Its image is more linked to the concept of identity than to political power itself.
This is due to the fact that a nation is made up of individuals from different social, cultural and historical classes, who share different customs, languages and traditions.
However, a nation may not necessarily correspond to a state. A clear example is the Kurds who, although they live in the Middle East, are consecrated as the largest stateless nation in the world.
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nation states
O nation state it is a territory, a state or a government under a government, which enshrines a nation. Brazil is an example of a nation-state.
The main attributes of the nation-state are sovereignty, citizenship it's the nationalism.
Government
Government is understood to be the different areas of political power that influence people's lives in society. Therefore, its concept is totally associated with the State.
In this sense, the government is one of the spheres of political power whose purpose is to manage other institutions belonging to the social environment. Examples of them are schools, penitentiaries, public hospitals, the army, among others.
Another of its functions is to encompass power relations. The spheres of power couple multiple subjects, who possess power, the ways in which power is obtained (coercion, violence, legislation and even ideology) as well as what is done with this power.
However, governments lack stability. Thus, they are transitory, especially in the democratic regime.
types of government
There are different models of government: aristocracies, dictatorship, democracy, gerontocracy, monarchies, oligarchies, republic and theocracy.
In the cases of authoritarian regimes or monarchies, stability may exist, lasting for decades. However, the fundamental systems of government are parliamentarism and presidentialism.
In the case of parliamentarism, deputies are elected so that, in the Executive Branch, the head of government is the prime minister.
In presidentialism, the current system in Brazil, the Legislative and Executive powers are chosen by the people. The president of the republic is the head of the executive branch, having also been elected by the people.
Read too:
- Representative Democracy: Definition, Characteristics, Pros and Cons
- Presidents of the Military Dictatorship in Brazil
- José Sarney's Government – The first in the redemocratization of Brazil
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