O Will is a country located in the Middle East. From the 6th century BC Ç. until the beginning of the 20th century, it was called Persia. In the period of antiquity, Persia was a great empire that encompassed several regions until it was annexed by the arab empire.
From then on, the Islam it was the most prevalent religion in the region. However, after the split within Islam among the Sunnis and Shiites, the Iranians adopted the Shiite version.
In addition, they kept the persian language in opposition to the language of the rulers, Arabic. They opted for Shiism and the Persian language as a form of resistance.
Iran's recent political history
THE Iran's recent political history it is influenced by the Islamic expansion that took place during the Middle Ages. Thus, religion has a great importance in the life of the Iranian people.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Iran came to be desired by the Western world due to its oil reserves. The first country to interfere in the country was the British government. He wanted to preserve his exploration of oil reserves in the region.
However, in 1951, then Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh nationalized oil exploration. In 1953, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, supported by the U.S, he supported a dictatorial government (1941 to 1979) aligned with the interests of capitalist countries.
With centralized power, he persecuted people who were against his government and adopted customs characteristic of Western countries in Iran, such as clothing and forms of consumption.
The supporters of the nationalist movement (against the dictator) maintained their political conceptions and practiced them inside the mosques.
In this context, the ayatollah (Shiite religious leader) Ruhollah Khomeini emerged, sustaining a discourse committed to religious ideals and to the nation. The conservative policy led by the Shiite religious leader aimed at defending national interests against foreign countries was supported by part of the population.
However, he was exiled to Iraq at the behest of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein, a US ally at the time.
In 1979, several riots and strikes demonstrated social dissatisfaction with the Iranian government. Under the command of Ayatollah Khomeini, the Iranian Revolution he founded a conservative, theocratic state (in which church members interfere in both political and religious affairs) and averse to Western influences.
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In this context, Saddam Hussein led a war aimed at politically weakening the Shiites and controlling Iran's oil reserves.
However, this conflict did not benefit either side and religion continued to influence Iran's policy. In 1997, Mohammad Khatami was elected to the presidency. His victory represented, initially, a possibility of changes that would diminish the religious influence in the country.
However, the so desired social transformations,principally by women and students, it was not possible.
The Iranian elections of 2005 saw the victory of ultra-conservative leader Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. His victory represented the population's dissatisfaction with the Khatami government, so a large voter evasion allowed conservatism to win.
In Ahmadinejad's first term there was political tension with the United States. He showed a favorable trend towards the development of the nuclear program, besides polemicizing in the declarations directed to the Western governments and to the one of Israel.
In the 2009 elections, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Mir Hossein Mousavi stood for the seat of president of Iran. The second candidate showed liberal tendencies.
The electoral process, according to polls, took place fiercely among the candidates. However, Ahmadinejad's victory was overwhelming, winning with more than 60% of the vote.
Such disagreement between the polls and what happened in reality point to a possible illegality in the Iranian electoral process, which was denounced and the target of several protests.
However, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the country's supreme leader, acknowledged the victory of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad who held the position of president of Iran until the year 2013.
The 2013 elections, on the other hand, counted with the victory of Hassan Rohani, considered a moderate politician. He faced several conservative political opponents in the 2013 elections. He was the seventh elected president of Iran.
Hassan Rohanipromised a mild foreign policy and a civil rights charter for Iran. He he won in the first round with more than 50% of the votes and, in 2017, he was re-elected president of the country with about 57% of the votes counted.
Know more: USA vs Iran – Understand the rivalry of countries and the threat of conflict
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