THE Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil it was one of the most important events in the history of our country. Result of a process that began in the second half of the 19th century, the proclamation occurred from the dissatisfaction of various sectors of society, especially the military and the elite.
Civil society started to demand greater political participation, which would only take place through direct voting and political representation in spaces of power.
Also, the abolitionist movement and the interference of D. Pedro II in religious matters, they were also factors that contributed to the strengthening of the republican movement and the consequent expulsion of the royal family from Brazil.
Let's see the main ones below. factors that stimulated the Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil.
1- Crisis of the Monarchy
THE Proclamation of the Republic of Brazil was the result of a long process that triggered the crisis of monarchy.
One of the factors that contributed to the decline of the empire was the
Paraguay War (1864-1870), which evidenced the Crown's inability to defend and meet the demands of the Brazilian people.New ideas and new actors emerged giving strength to the republican movement, in fact structured in the 1870s, through the launch of the republican manifesto.
Through the ideals spread by the republicanism, the group responsible for the fall of the monarchy was formed on November 15, 1889.
The professionalization of the army and the occurrence of political disputes were the factors that most contributed to the decline of the Crown.
The desire to make the Brazil a modern country, it has driven many military and civilians to consider the republic the best option for the advance of the same, as the monarchy was increasingly incapable of meeting the demands social.
2- Dissatisfaction of the military
The professionalization of the military was responsible for allowing this sector of society to demand more rights for the category due to the work developed in the Paraguayan War.
Therefore, they started to demand better salaries, better working conditions and improvement in the promotion system. Another military dissatisfaction was due to the army's involvement in politics.
They yearned for greater participation in the political sphere because they believed they were the protectors of Brazil, therefore, they wanted to have the right to publicly express their political positions - which was denied to them by the monarchy.
Supported in positivism, they claimed that the modernization of Brazil would only take place through a republican government dictatorial.
Thus, the military believed that the country should have a ruler capable of leading the nation on the path of development.
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3- Economy
Since 1850, the large farmers were dissatisfied with the Empire, which had adopted measures anti-slave trade after the prohibition of the slave trade by England.
The emperor found himself in a complicated situation, as such a measure harmed the landowners and quickly changed the model economic to follow the British determinations was something unfeasible, since Brazil was a country with an eminently agricultural.
As a result, São Paulo farmers began to demand greater autonomy and political participation.
In addition, the enactment of abolitionist laws during the second half of the 19th century, triggering the abolition total slavery in 1888, contributed to intensifying discontent with the Crown.
From then on, former slave owners opposed the Empire because they felt economically disadvantaged.
4- Politics and society
The Second Reign was marked by harsh opposition between liberals and conservatives on the national political scene.
From the second half of the 19th century, the Brazilian economic axis moved from North East from the country to the Southeast.
Thus, the province of Sao Paulo started to concentrate the Brazilian economy. However, the elites of this province were dissatisfied with the small political representation.
This situation weakened the relationship between the monarchy and the São Paulo elites, who created the largest republican party in the country during the Second Reign, the São Paulo Republican Party (PRP).
In addition, new groups emerged demanding greater participation in politics. Liberals believed that greater public participation would weaken conservatives.
However, conservatives managed to pass, in 1881, the Saraiva Law, which would reduce the number of voters in Brazil.
Faced with the non-fulfillment of the desire to participate in national politics, the elite began to publicly express their dissatisfactions, in newspapers and associations.
In 1870, the Republican Manifesto was created, a document that brought together harsh criticisms of the monarchy and defended the republican system as the solution to the country's problems.
The other elements that contributed to the strengthening of the republican movement were abolitionism - since the majority of abolitionists defended the republic - and the demand to make the laic State.
Learn more at:
- Benjamin Constant – Biography and Role in the Proclamation of the Republic
- On what date was the Republic established in Brazil and who was the first president?
- Brazil Republic
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