You abundant verbs are those who present more than an equivalent form in certain conjugations. It is more common for this abundance to occur specifically in the participle, what we call the double participle. It is also more common that there are two possible equivalent forms, and there are cases where there are even three equivalent forms.
Read too: Anomalous verbs - have different radicals according to the conjugation
Conjugation of abundant verbs
Some verbs have more than one equivalent form in verb tenses that are not the participle. Look:
verb to exist - present tense | ||
we |
we have |
hemos |
verbs ending in -zer or -zir - affirmative imperative | ||
say |
it says |
you |
do |
does |
you |
bring |
bring |
you |
However, it is more common occurrence of abundance in the participle, as we will see below.
Abundant verbs of the 1st conjugation
The abundant verbs of the 1st conjugation end in -ar.
regular participle |
irregular participle |
|
accept |
accepted |
accepted/accepted |
deliver |
delivered |
delivered |
express |
expressed |
express |
to win |
won |
gain |
to spend |
spent |
spent |
get together |
joined |
together |
clean |
cleaned up |
clean |
kill |
killed |
dead |
pay |
paid |
paid out |
to take |
caught |
caught |
Abundant 2nd conjugation verbs
The abundant 2nd conjugation verbs end in -er.
regular participle |
irregular participle |
|
light up |
lit |
lit |
to develop |
developed |
jaunty |
to elect |
elected |
elected |
to involve |
involved |
wrapped |
to secure |
trapped |
stuck |
suspend |
suspended |
suspended |
Abundant 3rd conjugation verbs
The abundant 3rd conjugation verbs end in -ir.
regular participle |
irregular participle |
|
express |
expressed |
express |
extinguish |
extinct |
extinct |
fry |
frigid |
fried |
print out |
printed |
printed |
insert |
inserted |
insert |
dye |
dyed |
red |
regular participle
The regular participle is one whose form follows the same common structure as the verbs of its respective conjugation, that is, the stem, the thematic vowel and the ending (the ending) of the participle. Verbs of the 1st conjugation have the participle ending in -ado, while verbs of the 2nd or 3rd conjugation have the participle ending in -ido.
It is more common for the regular participle to be used in active voice, remaining invariable when accompanied by the auxiliaries “have” and “haver”.
So, in the examples we saw, we would have the following regular participle in each case:
- I didn't have expressedwell the ideas.
- We were only able to use the room after there was cleaned up everything.
- after they have electedthe candidate, were pleased with her measurements.
- There was suspendedthe provisional measures.
- humanity will haveextinct different animal species if you don't care for the environment.
- The secretaries would have printedthe folders as soon as they arrived.
See too: Verbal voices: active voice, passive voice and reflective voice
irregular participle
The irregular participle is one whose shape nofollows the common structure of regular verbs of their conjugation.
It is more common for the irregular participle to be used in the passive voice, being inflected in gender and number when accompanied by the auxiliaries “to be”, “to be” and “to stay”.
Let's look at the examples:
- The ideas were not expressedfine by me.
- After the room has been cleanfor us, we could use it.
- after having beenelected, the candidate continued with the measures.
- The provisional measures had been suspended.
- Several animal species will be extinctby humanity if it does not take care of the environment.
- The folders would have been printedby the secretaries as soon as they arrived.
In these cases, the participles did not end in -ado or -ido, and are therefore irregular.
solved exercises
Question 1 - Sort the participles of the following abundant verbs using PR for regular participle and PI for irregular participle.
( ) It appears here that the book has already been delivered.
( ) All money joinedwith sacrifice it will be put to good use.
( ) You shouldn't have her involvedin the situation.
( ) The miscreant was stuckat the same time.
( ) The content expressis the responsibility of the authors.
( ) After having dyedthe hair, she regretted.
Resolution
PI; PR; PR; PI; PI; PR. Regular participles are composed of stem, thematic vowel and ending ending in -do.
Question 2 - Fill in the following gaps with the irregular participle of the abundant verbs in parentheses.
a) The card was not ______. (accept)
b) The products must be ______ within 5 working days. (pay)
c) The candle was ______ by me. (light up)
d) Are the statements already _______ somewhere? (print out)
Resolution
a) accepted
b) paid
c) lit
d) printed
By Guilherme Viana
grammar teacher
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/gramatica/verbos-abundantes.htm
