O anarchocapitalism lawyer one particular form of capitalism, without state regulation. It presents a project for society in which social relations are regulated by the freeMarketplace. It's essentially contrary to state control in the form of taxes, pricing policies, monopoly of services, control over the production and circulation of coins, subsidy to some companies to the detriment of others, and so on.
Read too: Democratic Rule of Law - model that aims à promotion of dignified life for citizens
Principles of anarchocapitalism
Anarchocapitalism goes back to natural law, that is, a theory that states that there is a set of natural rights with which man is born, namely, the right to life and its maintenance. To the right to life, anarcho-capitalists add the right to private property as being a natural right in which all individual rights would be contained and paid for.
Therefore, the human being would have the right to your own body (self-ownership) and to the resource without a previous owner in which it produced some form of work (original ownership), which could be exchanged voluntarily or commercially, as well as donated or destined as inheritance, in a system of titles built from a free society. Marketplace.
THE appropriationoriginal it would be done through work, that is, it would not be enough to fenced off land, but to work on it before anyone else to consider it your property. Property exchanges would also only be considered legitimate if made voluntarily, without any type of coercion.
The ethical basis of anarchocapitalism is the principle of non-aggression to the life and property of others.The State is considered illegitimate because of its coercive and sovereign character that is imposed on everyone in the form of laws, taxes and monopoly on the use of violence, without individuals being able to separate (secession) or refuse to comply with their determinations without suffering sanctions.
You taxes, as well as any and all state intervention, are considered an aggression by anarcho-capitalists, therefore, for them, the State itself would represent a violation of the principle of non-aggression, and free enterprise would be the only possibility of full application of this principle. According to anarcho-capitalists, the services offered by the State, such as defense, security and justice, do not have an essentially public character, so they could be offered by the initiative toilet.
The path to a free society would be the free market capitalism, in which the commercial exchanges would be voluntary and peaceful., in contrast to state capitalism, in which there are monopolies, privileges, cartelization, cronyism, among other deviations, which, for anarchocapitalists, are inherent and restricted to state interventions, that is, they would not occur if there were only free enterprise, whose dynamics of supply and demand would provide balanced competition, productive diversification, affordable prices and quality without the need for regulation or actions directed by a command central.
THE goology anarcho-capitalist is individualist. It admits voluntary exchanges and associations between people, but it starts from the premise of individual and self-interested action. Therefore, in an anarcho-capitalist society, the economic exchanges would be marked by individualization, privatization and decentralization.
O intellectual mentor of anarchocapitalism is the American economist Murray Newton Rothbard, one of the exponents of the Austrian School of Economics, which, in the second half of the 20th century, sought to revitalize liberal principles prior to Adam Smith's classical liberalism.
Although ideologically orients a radicalized group of liberals, anarchocapitalism never been turned into practical experience, therefore remains in the field of utopia, an ideal model of the world according to an ultraliberal perspective. Among the most well-known slogans is the idea that a tax is theft and the defense of the free circulation of coins, such as encrypted ones.
Characteristics of anarchocapitalism
Anarchocapitalism, also known as capitalist anarchism, libertarian capitalism or simply Ancap, idealizes a system of private property where there is entrepreneurship, profit, but without the existence of the state, which, for anarcho-capitalists, prevents the full development of capitalism.
In this model of society, the exchange of goods and services between individuals would occur legitimately only through the market. Services that are offered by the State and considered of a public character, such as justice, security, education and health, would be privatized and would have their quality and affordable price guaranteed by free competition.
Social relations would be developed from the perspective of willful individualism, that is, the sovereignty of the individual will overriding any type of collective interest. This political-economic ideology proposes the dissolution of the State and its replacement by the market in conducting economic relations and providing services.
See too: Social-democracy – model aimed at the welfare state
Is anarchocapitalism on the right?
In the second half of the 20th century, the Austrian School of Economics reformulated, under the leading role of economist Ludwig von Mises, O thereliberalism economic, conforming its assumptions to the context of a globalized and complex capitalism.
A disciple of Mises, Rothbard theorized anarchocapitalism, combining liberal ideas, natural jus ideas (considering the individual's right to life, property, non-aggression and sovereignty as natural rights) and the idea of extinction of the state from individualist anarchist theorists. This mixture can generate the doubt: after all, is anarchocapitalism from which ideological spectrum joins elements of different ideologies?
The answer is that the predominant basis of anarchocapitalism is liberalism; it is, therefore, a right-wing ideology.It goes beyond the idea of minimum state of neoliberalism, proposing the dissolution of the State and the privatization of all services, is therefore located more to the right of other liberal currents, occupying a radical position within this ideological arc.
utilitarian anarchocapitalism
The greatest representative of utilitarian anarchocapitalism is the economist David Friedman, of the Chicago School. Unlike Rothbard, who anchors his idealization of an anarcho-capitalist society in Natural Law (natural law), Friedman anchors his idealization of an anarcho-capitalist society in the utilitarism, that is, in the economic advantages, in a rational perspective of maximize benefits and lower costs, therefore guided by economic efficiency, and not by individual rights.
![David Friedman is the best known name for the utilitarian strand of anarchocapitalism. [1]](/f/c6f7baf3393fecb6d9d885b1795d505a.jpg)
Friedman's critique of the state is based on the justification of inefficiency, and not on the morality or immorality of state interventions. For Friedman, conflicts should be resolved through arbitration, that is, by private law agencies, outside of a Judiciary Branch. Private courts would compete with each other and would present different legislations, thus, security companies would contract the courts according to the legislation preferred by their clients.
Also access: Contractualism - theory based on the social contract
Anarchocapitalism and libertarianism
Rothbard, father of anarchocapitalism, was considered a libertarian, although of liberal formation and influenced by the liberalism of von Mises, under the premises of the laissez-faire, that is, the State providing only a limited range of services, such as defense and protection.
At a certain point, Rothbard concluded that even these services could be offered by the private sector, so there would be no need to maintain the state apparatus under any justification. That's the basic difference between liberalism and libertarianism.
In liberalism, even though the state is reduced, it still has a monopoly on the use of force. O libertarianism rejects this monopoly and advocates that any and all activities be carried out within the scope of the free market|1|.
Within anarchocapitalism, there are diverse currents of libertarianism. Some compatible with each other, others not. THE chainutilitarian and the chainjusnaturalist, for example, they are divergent. The first does not start from a common ethics, but from the idea of cost-effectiveness of multiple legislations, and the second is guided by a principle (non-aggression) considered universal and could not be broken, even though it was considered useful by a large number of people.
There are also the libertarianistsbrutalists, you gradualists and the agorists. The former preach an immediate extinction of the state; the second, a gradual extinction, even making use of voting in elections, supporting privatizations and occupying positions to change it from within; and the latter are those who, to some extent, boycott laws and taxes, evading, participating in parallel transactions, etc.
Anarchocapitalism and anarchism
Anarchocapitalism is not related to historical anarchism, but its main theorist, Rothbard, was influenced by some 19th-century American anarchists of individualistic strands, such as Benjamin Tucker and Lysander Spooner. Although they have in their nomenclature the common radical, anarchocapitalism and anarchism they contain not only distinct but also opposite ideals.
At the anarchism, the freedom of initiative and association is permeated by the individual's development - in multiple aspects - through the collective experience in voluntary groupings. It's not about uniformity, but a harmony in the equalization between equal rights and individual freedom.
In an anarchist society, the abolition of the state would be replaced by free agreement between equals through associations and federations, without there being rulers and ruled, bosses and employees or any other type of authority legitimized by some form of coercion.
Also, the anarchism is anti-capitalist and is a left-wing ideology. Anarchocapitalism, in turn, is a right-wing ideology, guided by individualism and the free market, identifying in these two pillars the maximum expansion of freedom. Therefore, the only converging point between these two ideologies is the anti-statism. To learn more about the political theory that aimed at the end of the State and capitalism, read our text: anarchism.
Does anarchocapitalism work?
Anarchocapitalism is a philosophical, political and economic theorization, the construction of a model, an idealized type of society with an ultraliberal hue. There are no practical experiences of anarchocapitalism. Although some of its adherents evoke examples of ancient societies in which there was no State, a society guided by this idea does not exist and has never existed.
It is a political utopia which can only be evaluated as if it existed in the field of imagination. If we imagined what an anarcho-capitalist society would be like, it wouldn't take long to find methodological difficulties:
Would it be possible to maintain social cohesion in a society that did not have a common law?
How would claims be resolved in private courts with different laws if each party had a different ideological orientation and different financial condition?
In crisis situations, such as wars and epidemics, would the free market be able to meet the needs that arise?
If the State is the institution that guarantees ownership of property and individual freedoms, who would legally guarantee ownership of property and freedoms?
Would the functioning of the law of supply and demand prevent the formation of oligopolies?
Would those with lower incomes in an anarcho-capitalist society be prevented from enjoying goods and services?
In a context of private security, how would you ensure that the principle of non-aggression would be respected under all circumstances?
Would the association between people to pay for a common service (treatment of squares, street cleaning, etc.) take place on a totally voluntary or mandatory basis, similar to taxes?
In practice, it would be very difficult that a totally deregulated and decentralized society would be able to equalize the numerous conflicts between its members, which would become even more unfeasible without common legislation and common mediation on justice and security issues, for example.
In addition, purchasing power gaps would exclude a group of people from accessing private services, and prime profit objectivecould conflict with the purpose of some essential services - justice and health –, for example, and with calamity circumstances, such as pandemics and natural disasters.
Grades
|1| DAL FATHER, Raphael A. Ludwig von Mises Institute: the heralds of anarchocapitalism. UNIOESTE: Marshal Cândido Rondon, 2017.
Image credit
[1]Kat Walsh/commons
By Milka de Oliveira Rezende
Professor of Sociology
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/sociologia/anarcocapitalismo.htm
