The meaning of gene in classical genetics is the functional unit of heredity where they are present. nucleic acids, carriers of genetic information that provide diversity among individuals. The word gene was created in 1909 by Danish botanist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen.
A gene is a sequence of distinct nucleotides that are part of a chromosome. Each gene encodes a specific sequence of a polypeptide chain (union of amino acids that form the protein). The gene is formed by a sequence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), the latter being responsible for the cell's protein synthesis.
Genetics is the science that studies genes. Genes are classified into: dominant gene (responsible for attributing a certain characteristic in the descendant), recessive gene (it manifests itself in the absence of dominant gene), gene structural (contains the information that determines the structure of living beings), operator gene (acts in the functioning of other genes) and regulatory gene (controls the synthesis and transcription of others genes).
Genome is an individual's set of genes. Each human being has a unique genome, estimated to be composed of about 25,000 genes. This result was obtained through a joint work called the Human Genome Project, which has the function of mapping the human genome, that is, identifying all the nucleotides that compose it.
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