THE suffix derivation is a kind of derivation quite present in the Portuguese language, keeping the root of the original word to generate other terms related to it with the addition of suffixes. The original word, depending on the suffix that is added, can generate new ones:
- nouns
- adjectives
- verbs
- adverbs
Read too: Improper derivation - changing the grammatical class of a word without changing the form
What is suffix derivation?
The suffix derivation is a type of derivation in which changes the form of the original term by adding a suffix, this is a morpheme after the word stem, to create a term derived from the original word. Thus, the “piece” added after the stem generates new words derived from the original.
Suffix Derivation Examples
Note in the following examples how the stem of the original terms has been kept (completely or with some changes), having a suffix to generate new words.
Word |
Word |
Water |
aguair, hereferal |
low |
lowbaby |
House |
Housement |
color |
colear, colorbefore |
ugly |
feibone |
fierce |
fiercemind |
record |
seriousador |
to read |
readitura |
Apple |
Macline |
skinny |
skinnyicela |
gnaw |
gnawsache |
luck |
luckall |
See too:Regressive derivation - reduction of the original word to form a new one
Nominal, verbal and adverbial suffixes
Suffixes can be classified differently according to the type of word they originate, there are three main types of suffix. Understand better below:
- Nominal suffixes: generate nouns or adjectives by being added to the root. Some nominal suffixes are:
-ism: skepticalism, cinism, simbolism.
-hey: activehey, idealhey, simplehey.
-before: migrabefore, toleratebefore, varybefore.
- Verbal suffixes: generate verbs by being added to the root.
Some verbal suffixes are:
-ear: sheetear, claimear, withoutear.
-ejar: cotejar, planejar, pragueejar.
-go: stigmago, rationalgo, systematicgo.
- Adverbial suffix: generates adverbs by being added to the radical.
The adverbial suffix is:
-mind: agilemind, collectivemind, happymind, latemind etc.
solved exercises
Question 1 - (FCC)
modern space and time
One notices in the most representative novels of the 20th century a change similar to that which happened with modern painting, a change that seems to be essential to the structure of modernism. The elimination of space or the illusion of space in painting seems to correspond, in the novel, to that of temporal succession. The chronology and temporal continuity were shaken, “the clocks were destroyed”. The modern novel was born at the moment when Proust, Joyce and Gide begin to undo the chronological order, merging past, present and future, making the principle of simultaneity prevail over that of succession temporal.
The vision of a deeper reality, more real than common sense, is thus incorporated into the total form of the artwork. Man no longer lives "in time", he becomes "time", that is, carrying within himself the dimension of a time that not only flows, but also problematizes itself.
(Adapted from Anatol Rosenfeld. Text/context)
Through the process of suffix derivation, the words
A) reality and temporal.
B) representative and space.
C) vision and moment.
D) chronology and analogue.
E) clocks and time.
Resolution
Alternative A. There was suffix derivation on “reality” (derived from the adjective “real”) and “temporal” (derived from the noun “time”).
Question 2 - (Funrio)
Get on, man!
Do you grumble against corruption and pay “a beer” so the guard doesn't fine your car?
Do you think it's absurd that street vendors “invade” the city's sidewalks and stop in a double line, “just a minute”?
MTV, March 2001. (adapted)
The terms "beer" and "minute" used in the text were obtained by the process of
A) agglutination.
B) prefixal derivation.
C) suffix derivation.
D) composition.
E) parasynthesis.
Answers
Alternative C. The suffix derivation process in both cases occurs with the addition of the nominal suffix -inha/-inho to the nouns “beer” and “minute”.
By Guilherme Viana
grammar teacher
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/gramatica/derivacao-sufixal.htm