The restoration of Bourbon power in 1814 did not please the French people. Louis XVIII was a man of good intentions and insightful, but he was already old and sick. Furthermore, the monarch reacted violently against all the conquests arising from the French Revolution and Napoleon's government. Through a Constitutional Charter granted to the country, the new king was called, like the kings of the old regime, King of France and Navarre, dating to Constitutional Charter as if it were the nineteenth year of his reign, thus denying the events of the French Revolution and the Empire Bonapartist.
Noting the people's dissatisfaction with the government of Luiz XVIII, Napoleon took advantage of what was happening and left the island of Elba, thus failing to fulfill the agreement not to leave the island, an agreement established as a result of the Treaty of Fontainebleau. Napoleon landed in France in 1815. The troops that were sent to slow him joined his army. Within twenty days Napoleon arrived in Paris while the royal family fled to Belgium. This period of history became known as the Government of the Hundred Days.
During this period, Benjamin Constant, a French politician active in the French National Assembly, prepared a new Constitution which he called Additional Act to the Constitutions of the Empire, at the same time Bonaparte organized an army of about two hundred thousand soldiers to resist the seventh coalition that had formed against him, for at that time he was considered by the Congress of Vienna to be an enemy of peace in the country. world.
The Prussian army commanded by Blucher was stopped and defeated by Napoleon in Ligny, Belgium. Two days later Napoleon attacked the English army, commanded by Wellington, at Waterloo on June 18, 1815, outside Brussels. When the battle seemed won to the French, Blucher's Prussian army, which had not been totally destroyed at Ligny, returned and made Wellington's victory possible. This episode became known as the Battle of Waterloo. Defeated, Napoleon returned to Paris, abdicated his position as emperor and left France, but as he was considered an enemy from France, he was exiled and sent to St. Helena Island in the South Atlantic, where he spent his last years of life.
By Lilian Aguiar
Graduated in History
Brazil School Team
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/historiag/a-queda-definitiva-napoleao-bonaparte-waterloo.htm
