is called çacid chloride every organic function derived from the reaction between a carboxylic acid it is a organic halide. Below is the equation that demonstrates the formation of an acid chloride and an alcohol:
Equation of the formation of an acid chloride from a carboxylic acid and organic halide
We can observe that the functional group of a acid chloridehas a carbonyl that have a chlorine atom. In the carbonyl, we also have the presence of the organic radical. Thus, we can summarize the functional group of an acid chloride as:
Acid chlorides are widely used in so-called organic syntheses, that is, they participate in the formation of other organic compounds, such as carboxylic acids, esters and ethers. In addition, they feature as main features:
They have a density greater than that of water;
They are polar compounds due to the presence of the carbonyl and the chlorine atom at the end of the chain;
They do not have a good solubility in water, being more soluble in organic solvents;
Most of them are in solid state at room temperature. However, acid chlorides with a lower molar mass are generally found in a liquid state.
They have lower melting and boiling points than carboxylic acids, for example.They are extremely reactive organic compounds.
The IUPAC nomenclature for acid chlorides is based on the following rule:
Chloride + de + prefix + infix + oíla
Example: Ethanoyl chloride - Structure with five carbon atoms (Et), only single bonds (an) and, as it is an acid chloride, it ends in oyl.
Example: Structure with five carbon atoms (Pent), only single bonds (an) and, as it is an acid halide, it ends in oyl. So we have pentanoyl chloride.
Example: Structure with three carbon atoms (Prop), a double bond (en) and, as it is an acid chloride, it ends in oyl. So we have propenoyl chloride.
By Me. Diogo Lopes Dias
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/quimica/cloretos-acido.htm
