This Protocol aims to sign international agreements and discussions to jointly establish reduction targets in emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, mainly on the part of industrialized countries, in addition to creating forms of development in a way that have less impact on those countries in full development.
Upon the completion of the Kyoto Protocol, gas reduction targets were implemented, something around 5.2% between 2008 and 2012. The Kyoto Protocol was effectively implemented in 1997, in the Japanese city of Kyoto, the name that gave rise to the protocol. At the meeting, eighty-four countries were willing to adhere to the protocol and signed it, thus, they committed themselves to implementing measures with the aim of reducing the emission of gases.
The gas reduction targets are not homogeneous across all countries, placing different levels of reduction for the 38 countries that emit the most gases, the protocol also provides for a reduction in the emission of gases from the countries that make up the European Union by 8%, the United States by 7% and Japan by 6%. Developing countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, India and, mainly, China, did not receive reduction targets, at least for the moment.
The Kyoto Protocol not only discusses and implements gas reduction measures, but also encourages and establishes measures in order to replace products derived from petroleum with others that cause less impact. In view of the established goals, the largest emitter of gases in the world, the United States, in 2001 left the protocol, claiming that the reduction would compromise the country's economic development.
The steps of the Kyoto Protocol
In 1988, the first meeting with country leaders and scientific class took place in the Canadian city of Toronto to discuss on climate change, at the meeting it was said that climate change has an impact only surpassed by a war nuclear. From that date onwards, there were successive years with high temperatures, never reached since the beginning of the record.
In 1990, the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) emerged, the first scientific mechanism, with the intention of alerting the world about the planet warming, in addition, it was found that climate change is mainly caused by CO2 (carbon dioxide) emitted by the burning of fossil fuels.
In 1992, discussions were held at Eco-92, which was attended by more than 160 state leaders who signed the Framework Convention on Climate Change.
At the meeting, targets for industrialized countries to remain in the year 2000 with the same emission rates as in 1990 were established. In this context, the discussions led to the conclusion that all countries, regardless of their size, must have their responsibility to conserve and preserve climatic conditions.
In 1995, the second IPCC report was released, declaring that climate change was already giving clear signs, this coming from anthropic actions on the climate. The statements directly reached the oil activities groups, which rebutted the class scientific alleging that they were rash and that there was no reason for further concern in this question.
In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was signed, this convention served to sign the commitment, by the northern (developed) countries, to reduce the emission of gases. However, the means by which the reduction measures will be put into practice are not concrete and whether everyone involved will actually adhere.
In 2004, a meeting took place in Argentina that increased pressure to establish targets for reducing gas emissions by developing countries by 2012.
The year that marked the effective beginning of the Kyoto Protocol was 2005, taking effect from the month of February. With the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, the possibility of carbon becoming a bargaining chip grew. The carbon credit market could increase a lot, as countries that signed the Protocol can buy and sell carbon credits.
In fact, carbon trading has been around for some time, the Chicago exchange, for example, was already trading carbon credits at a value of 1.8 dollars per ton, while programs with the consent of the Kyoto Protocol are able to trade carbon with values from 5 to 6 dollars a tonne.
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Eduardo de Freitas
Graduated in Geography
