think the question of personal pronounsin English means to understand them according to f.anointing that they exercise in the sentence, which varies by position as well. not always the personal pronouns indicate a person. They can reference things, especially when they're in the third person.
Divided into two, the subject and object pronouns they deal precisely with the subject and object of the prayer. Both are located in terms of the verb. O personal pronoun subject precedes the verb. The object is after him.
Read too: indefinite pronouns – what are they and how to use?
What are the personal pronouns?
Among the different types of pronouns that English has, the personal pronouns. In this category, we can still identify two forms: the subject pronouns and the object pronouns. The first group corresponds to the personal pronouns of the straight case in Portuguese, while the second corresponds to the personal pronouns of the oblique case.
In addition, the two groups are composed of a defined number of pronouns
, adding one total of eight each. As in Portuguese, the personal pronouns are distributed according to person, gender (for the third person singular only) is the number. For a better comparative understanding, look at the chart below.PERSONAL PRONOUNS | |
subject pronouns |
object pronouns |
I - I |
me - me, me |
you - you |
You - you, o, you, you |
he - he |
Him – him, o, him |
she - she |
Her - him, her, her |
It - he, she |
It – you, the, the |
we - we |
Us - us |
you - you |
You - them, you |
They – they, they |
Them - them, the, the |
See some examples:
Martha and Peter, can I talk to you?
(Martha and Peter, can I talk to you?)Ann, can I talk to you?
(Ann, can I talk to you?)
In the first example, we observe that the object pronoun you is in the second personal plural. At the beginning of the prayer, we know who the people are being addressed in the speech, that is, Martha and Peter. So the subject me is talking to the object you. In addition, you can see that the subject pronoun Iit is written in a capital letter, right in the middle of the sentence. He will always be written in CAPITAL LETTERS.
In the second example, we know that the person targeted is Ann. Soon, the object pronoun you refers to the second person singular. So, even if you have the same singular and plural writing, both for the personal pronouns subject and object, we can recognize which we are talking about by position and by context.
Now that we know what the personal pronouns, let's study when to use them properly. Let’s go!
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Use of personalpronouns
It is known that the personal pronouns are subdivided into two types: subject and object. According to Eastwood, they identify who is talking (first person) and who is talking to (second person) or they can refer to another person or something (third person)|1|. With this in mind, the personal pronouns they are used to replace a substantive or a nominal group in prayer. This makes a text, for example, less repetitive and more cohesive, from the point of view of its structure.
Furthermore, in the previous topic, we showed the eight pronouns in both forms. So, we can already take some important conclusions.
the subject pronoun I it will always be capitalized.
The third person singular pronouns indicate the feminine and masculine genders and the neuter (it). Neutral gender is used to identify non-human things, ideas, animals, objects, etc.
The third person plural pronoun they is used for all genres.
The second person singular and the second person plural are represented by you. It is possible to differentiate them by context.
Take a look at the following examples:
This is my house and I like it a lot.
(This is my house and I like it a lot).She is my sister.
(She's my sister).Do not worry! I’ll give them the book.
(Do not worry! I'll give them the book.)It’s for you.
(She IS for you.)
In the examples, we can see the personal pronouns, sometimes in the subject function, sometimes in the object function. See also the translation and how we adapted it to our mother tongue. In the first example, the verb of the second sentence (like - like) already shows that it is the first person (me). So we can avoid redundancy. In English we cannot do. This is the case of example 4. While in Portuguese we say is for you; in English, we must use the subject pronoun it, neutral. In the third example, if we had a broader context, we could operate one more substitution:
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Do not worry! I’ll give them the book.
(Do not worry! I'll give them the book.)Do not worry! I’ll give them it.
(Do not worry! I will give it to them).
In these examples, we substitute the nominal group the book (the book) by object pronounit, which refers to things in general. So, don't forget that, even though you can compare two languages in certain respects, it's important to consider the individualities they present.
See too: reflexive pronouns – particularities of this category of pronouns in English
Difference between subjectpronouns and objectpronouns
With regard to personal pronouns, they have both the function of subject and object in a clause. Consequently, one of the ways to recognize them is to find the verb. This is because the subject pronounsprecede the verb, and the object pronounssucceed him. In short, these are the differences between the personal pronouns:
subject pronoun – function of subject, precedes the verb;
object pronoun – function of object, succeeds the verb.
sheworks with him.
(She works with him.)theywould like to eat.
(They would like to come.)this letter belongs I'm me.
(This letter belongs to me.)Don't talk I'm us!
(Don't talk to us!)sheawningme the secret.
(She told me a secret.)
In all the examples, we've separated the personal pronouns. You subject pronouns are those in bold before the verb underlined. You object pronouns are in italics after the underlined verb.
solved exercises
Question 1 - (EEAR 2019) Read the text to answer question.
GIFT GIVING
All over the world, people give gifts. But they give different things in different ways. In Japan, people often give gifts. But they never open _____ in front of the giver. In the United States and Canada, a man often gives _____ girlfriend flowers on Valentine's Day (February 14). He sometimes gives her chocolate too. In Korea, older people give new money to children on New Year's Day. They give it to them for good luck. In Peru, a man gives flowers to _____ girlfriend. But he doesn’t give _____ yellow flowers. They mean the relationship is finished.
(Text source: THEperian Global)
Choose the alternative to have the text completed correctly.
A) they / he / his / she
B) them / he / he / her
C) they/his her/he/she
D) them / hers / hers / her
Resolution
Alternative D, because we have an object pronoun (them – gifts), a possessive adjective (his – girlfriend), another possessive adjective (his – girlfriend) and an object pronoun (her – girlfriend).
Question 2 - (EAM 2019) In the sentence "People say there is a monster in it, which is called Nessie", the pronoun "it" refers to
Text: Loch Ness is a Lake (or ‘loch’ in Scottish Gaelic) located in the Highlands of Scotland, near Inverness. People say there is a monster in it, which is called Nessie.
In 1933, George Spicer described that he saw Nessie and it was a "dragon1'. It was 4 feet high, 25 feet long and had a long neck.
In 1934, Robert Kenneth Williams took the first photo of the Loch Ness Monster's neck and head. This photo was published in the Daily Mail newspaper in April 1934. Around 1994, the photo was declared to be a hoax.
In 1934, Edward Mountain sent an expedition to Loch Ness from 9 am to 6 pm every day, for 5 weeks. They never found any evidence of the Monster.
In 2003, the BBC TV network made a show that did a detailed search of Loch Ness. They found nothing and concluded that the Monster was a myth.
A) Inverness.
B) the lake.
C) Nessie.
D) the people.
E) the monster.
Resolution
Alternative B, because it he is referring to the lake (lake) in the previous sentence. Also, it is an object pronoun.
Note
|1| EASTWOOD, J. Oxford guide to English grammar. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2002.
By Patricia Veronica Moreira
English teacher
