In this text, we will present the top ten causes of death in the world, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The ranking was created from the data collected in 2016 by WHO, when 56.9 million deaths were registered, and with them we can see that cardiovascular problems are the main causes of death on the planet. It is noteworthy that some of these problems could be avoided by reducing risk behaviors, such as smoking, not exercising and inadequate nutrition.
At top ten causes of death in the world are:
1st → Ischemic heart disease
2nd → Stroke (CVA)
3rd → Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
4th → Lower respiratory tract infections
5th → Alzheimer's and other dementias
6th → Lung, trachea and bronchi cancer
7th → Diabetes mellitus
8th → Traffic accidents
9th → Diarrheal Diseases
10th → Tuberculosis
The chart below can give you an idea of how cardiovascular problems outweigh other causes of death in numbers. Look at the chart below carefully and then learn more about each of the causes of death mentioned.
(Source: Global Health Estimates 2016).
→ Ischemic heart disease
Ischemic heart disease is a serious health problem triggered by obstruction of the vessels that carry blood to the heart and whose main cause is atherosclerosis. Commonly, ischemic heart disease causes what is called angina pectoris or angina pectoris, a pain in the chest that occurs as a result of reduced blood flow to the heart. It can also cause heart attack, arrhythmia, heart failure and sudden death.
→ Stroke
O stroke (CVA), also known as a stroke or stroke, is a problem that canand be classified into two types: the ischemic and the hemorrhagic. At the ischemic stroke, what happens is the lack of blood reaching a certain part of the brain due to an obstruction. already thehemorrhagic stroke it is the rupture of vessels that causes local bleeding. Regardless of the type of stroke, some area of the brain is affected by the lack of blood supply. The consequences of this problem depend on the location reached.
→ Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cigarette use affects the system so muchcardiovascular as well as the respiratory system.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs. The disease usually occurs from prolonged exposure to irritating substances or particulate matter. Cigarette use is strongly related to this problem, which triggers in the patient cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and sputum. These symptoms affect negatively affect the patient's life, since the lack of air can make even ordinary activities difficult.
→ Lower respiratory tract infections
Lower respiratory tract infections include problems such as bronchitis and pneumonia. THE bronchitis is a disease characterized by bronchial inflammation and it can have different causes. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a virus, with symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, fever, and chills. already the pneumonia is characterized by being a lung infection. Among its symptoms, we can highlight fever, cough, chest pain, weakness and shortness of breath.
→ Alzheimer's and other dementias
O Alzheimer's is a neurodegenerative disease which presents as the first symptom the deficiency of recent memory. If this problem progresses, there will be an aggravation in the risk of death of patients, since they do not recognize people close to them, they have difficulty for simple activities, such as getting dressed, difficulty orienting yourself in time and space, and changes in behavior, perception of reality and even in appetite. Alzheimer's disease is progressive and fatal and can cause dementia (diseases that cause cognitive impairment).
Alzheimer's initially causes loss of recent memory.
→ Lung, trachea and bronchi cancer
O lung cancer, trachea and bronchi are types of malignant neoplasms, that is, they are diseases triggered bythe uncontrolled growth of cells from these sites and formation of tumors with cells different from those that originated them, which are capable of invading tissues and causing metastases. These three types of cancer of thisbecause their main cause is the smoking.
Read too: Is a tumor cancer?
→ Diabetes mellitus
O diabetes mellitusis a disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels. This problem can be triggered by defects in hormone production. insulin or problems in your action. You The main types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2.
O type 1 it is caused by the destruction of cells in the pancreas responsible for the production of insulin. already the type 2 it is related to the body's difficulty in using the insulin it produces or due to the low production of the hormone, which is not enough to reduce blood glucose levels.
Read too: Sugar in food - Diabetes and Obesity
→ Traffic accidents
Traffic accidents are also an important cause of damage.throughout the world. According to the WHO, about 1.35 million people die every year as a result of these accidents. Most deaths are observed in those individuals who are most vulnerable on the roads, such as pedestrians, motorcyclists and cyclists.
These accidents are usually related to lack of respect for traffic laws, accidents related to high speed, use of alcohol and other substances are common, in addition to not using seat belts or helmets.
Traffic accidents can be avoided, for example, by following traffic laws.
→ Diarrheal diseases
the diseases diarrheal they can have several causes, such as viruses and bacteria, and are characterized by an increase in the number of bowel movements and a decrease in the consistency of the stool. It is noteworthy that, in some situations, these diseases can trigger vomiting and nausea. The patient with severe diarrhea can present dehydration and have complications, such as death.
→ Tuberculosis
THE ttuberculosis is serious illness caused by a bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) which mainly affects the lungs. This illness causes dry or productive cough, fever, weight loss, and fatigue. It is noteworthy that this disease is contagious. This contagion can be through the air, since, when talking, coughing or sneezing, a person with tuberculosis can release droplets in the air with the presence of these bacteria.
Read too: ocular tuberculosis
By Ma. Vanessa Sardinha dos Santos
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/biologia/10-principais-causas-morte-no-mundo.htm
