At the beginning of the 20th century, China was no longer able to show itself apart from the transformations and changes that occurred with the introduction of capitalist interests in its territories. In this way, an expressive movement of political modernization in China began to gain traction among anti-imperial political representatives and young Chinese students.
Revolutionary Sun Yat-sen was one of the most important leaders of this movement, which had support mass of former Hundred Day Reform participants, Japanese liberal politicians, students and military. Inspired by the Three People's Principles – nationalism, democracy and livelihood of the people – the movement of Sun Yat-sen sought a broad popular mobilization through a discourse of eminently content patriotic.
Among other banners of struggle, this Chinese nationalist movement demanded the fall of the Qing dynasty and the immediate expulsion of all foreigners who took possession of the national wealth. From a political standpoint, Chinese nationalists foresaw the expansion of political rights through the implementation of universal suffrage. On a socioeconomic level, Sun Yat-sen's comrades defended the socialization of land and available productive forces.
In November 1911, a group of military personnel from the city of Wuchang, capital of Hubei province, started a conflict against the Qing dynasty. Winning political support from other provinces, the nationalist movement sparked several revolts across the country. As early as November of that year, fifteen of China's twenty-four provinces declared independence from the Qing Empire.
With the fall of the government, Sun Yat-sen, who roamed the United States in search of political support and against the Chinese empire, he returned to his homeland to participate in the process. revolutionary. In January 1912, Sun announced the proclamation of a provisional government in the city of Nanjing. However, the former capital of the empire, Beijing, was under the control of Yuan Shikai, the main commander-in-chief of the Imperial Armies. Fearing the outbreak of civil war, Sun Yat-sen resigned from the government and Yuan was declared provisional president in March 1912.
By Rainer Sousa
Graduated in History
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/china/revolucao-republicana-1911.htm