question 1
ENEM - 2007
TEXT I
Read the fragments below to answer the question:
The sugar
The white sugar that will sweeten my coffee
this morning from Ipanema
was not produced by me
nor did it appear inside the sugar bowl by a miracle.
I see it pure
and affable to the palate
like a girl's kiss, water
on the skin, flower
which dissolves in the mouth. But this sugar
it wasn't made by me.
this sugar came
from the corner grocery store, and Oliveira, the owner of the grocery store, didn't do it either.
this sugar came
of a sugar mill in Pernambuco
or in the state of Rio
and neither did the owner of the plant.
This sugar was cane
and came from the extensive cane fields
that are not born by chance
in the lap of the valley.
In distant places where there is no hospital
nor school,
men who cannot read and starve
at 27 years old
planted and harvested the cane
that would turn into sugar.
In dark plants,
men of bitter life
and hard
produced this sugar
white and pure
how I sweeten my coffee this morning in Ipanema.
Source: “The Sugar” (Ferreira Gullar. All poetry. Rio de Janeiro, Civilização Brasileira, 1980, pp.227-228)
TEXT II
The sugar cane
Originally from Asia, sugar cane was introduced to Brazil by Portuguese colonists in the 16th century. The region that for centuries was the great sugarcane producer in Brazil is the Northeastern Zona da Mata, where the fertile massapé soils, in addition to the shorter distance from the European market, provided favorable conditions for this cultivation. Currently, the largest national producer of sugarcane is São Paulo, followed by Pernambuco, Alagoas, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. In addition to producing sugar, which is partly exported and partly supplies the domestic market, sugarcane is also used for the production of alcohol, which is important nowadays as a source of energy and beverages. The immense expansion of sugarcane fields in Brazil, especially in São Paulo, is linked to the use of alcohol as fuel.
Regarding texts I and II, check the incorrect option:
a) In text I, instead of just informing about reality, or producing it, literary expression is used mainly as a means of reflecting and recreating reality.
b) In text II, of non-literary expression, the author informs the reader about the origin of sugarcane, the places where it is produced, how its cultivation began in Brazil, etc.
c) Text I starts from a word from the common domain – sugar – and expands its significant potential, exploring resources formal forms to establish a parallel between sugar – white, sweet, pure – and the life of the worker who produces it – hard, bitter, sad.
d) In text I, literary expression deconstructs language habits, basing its recreation on the use of new ways of saying.
e) Text II is not literary because, unlike the literary, it starts from an aspect of reality and not from the imagination.
question 2
ENEM - 2011
It's never-ending water
Preliminary data released by researchers from the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) pointed to the Alter do Chão Aquifer as the largest deposit of drinking water on the planet. With an estimated volume of 86 000 cubic kilometers of fresh water, the underground reserve is located under the states of Amazonas, Pará and Amapá. This amount of water will be enough to supply the world's population for 500 years, says Milton Matta, a geologist at UFPA. In comparative terms, Alter do Chão has almost twice the volume of water in the Guarani Aquifer (with 45,000 cubic kilometers). Until then, Guarani was the largest underground reserve in the world, spread over Brasa, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
Era. No.623. 26 Apr. 2010.
This news, published in a large-circulation magazine, presents the results of a scientific research carried out by a Brazilian university. In this specific communication situation, the referential function of language predominates, because the author of the text prioritizes
a) his opinions, based on facts.
b) objective and precise aspects.
c) the reader's persuasive elements.
d) the aesthetic elements in the construction of the text.
e) the subjective aspects of the aforementioned research.
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In this class we will see where the complex numbers came from, how to represent them in algebraic form, how to represent them in the Argand-Gauss plane and we will talk about the potentials of the complex number i.