When we discuss about the linguistic deviations, we must analyze some points that stand out in this question. As eminently social beings, we are inserted at all times in the different communicative circumstances, which lead us to act in different ways, above all with regard to our language, for example, when we participate in an informal conversation between friends, a job interview, competitions and exams evaluative...
This fact brings us only to the idea of adequacy. Thinking about our clothing, whose costume is suited to different moments of our daily lives, the same occurs with our position as interlocutors. This reality adjusts to the advance of linguistic studies, especially Sociolinguistics, which prefers to work no longer with the notion of error, but with the idea regarding deviations from a variant – the so-called norm standard. These deviations, when devoid of certain intentionality, configure the lack of domain on the part of the issuer or often due to a simple oversight. But, after all, when they are intentional what happens?
We take, therefore, as examples, two occurrences: one related to music and the other related to a poetic creation, both expressed as follows:
Pronominals
give me a cigarette
says the grammar
from the teacher and the student
And from the known mulatto
But the good black and the good white
of the Brazilian nation
they say every day
leave it comrade
Give me a cigarette
Oswald de Andrade
Useless
we don't know
choose president
we don't know
take care of us
we don't know
not brush your teeth
There are gringo thinking
That we are indigent...
[...]
Strictly outrage
We found two evident deviations, one regarding verbal agreement (musical lyrics) and the other regarding the use of the oblique pronoun, marked at the beginning of the period (poem). Therefore, it remains for us to understand that it is the poetic license, granted to the artistic class in general, in the sense of beautifying, giving an emphatic character to the message, as well as revealing thoughts and ideological postures on the part of the author.
Well then, armed with these perceptions, which are sometimes salutary, from now on, we will get to know some cases that illustrate occurrences considered as deviations:
vicious pleonasm
Unlike the pleonasm contained in the construction or syntax figures, there is the vicious pleonasm whose characteristic refers to the unnecessary repetition of an idea previously expressed:
Do not stop now... There's more after the advertising ;)
With the thunderous noise, everyone immediately went outside.
Barbarism
It is characterized by deviation from the cultured norm, manifested at the following levels:
1) Pronunciation
a) Syllable - refers to the displacement of the tonic accent of a given word, such as:
The document only shows the buyer's initials (instead of initials).
b) Cacoépia - is configured as an error in the pronunciation of phonemes, as in the example:
This is a problem (rather than a problem) that we have to solve.
c) Cacography - manifests itself by the deviation regarding the spelling or inflection of a given word, see:
If the chief detains (detains) all the criminals, there would be more security.
We guessed (we guessed) you would come.
2) Morphology:
If he (would) go with us, we would love it a lot.
3) Semantics
The lengths (compliments) were intended for the winner of the contest.
4) Foreign words - refers to the use of words belonging to other languages when there is already an equivalent term in the Portuguese language:
We will celebrate your birthday in a happy hour (Late afternoon).
How was your weekend? (Weekend)
Solecism
Configures a deviation from the syntax rules, which can be of three orders:
a) of agreement:
We have five minutes to go. (missing)
b) regency:
We follow all the standards prescribed by the company. (we obeyed...)
c) placement:
I will pay homage to you. (I will make you...)
Ambiguity or amphibology
It is manifested by the lack of clarity contained in the speech:
The guard led the old woman to her residence. (whose residence? Hers or the guard?). Thus, in order to avoid such an occurrence, the discourse would have to be reformulated:
The guard led the old woman to her house.
Cacophony
It is manifested by the meeting of syllables of different words, resulting in a third word whose sound is unpleasant or inconvenient:
I saw her in the supermarket. (I saw her in the supermarket)
He kissed her mouth. (kissed her on the mouth)
echo
It is characterized by the use of words with the same or similar endings in the sentence, causing dissonance:
your actsdog caused howdog across the populationdog.
Collision
It occurs when there is dissonance due to the repetition of the same or similar consonants:
O sAbydo salways sabe.
Gap
It is manifested by the sequence of words whose vowel phonemes produce an unpleasant sound effect:
Ome, Ou she Ou Oanother.
By Vânia Duarte
Graduated in Letters
Would you like to reference this text in a school or academic work? Look:
DUARTE, Vânia Maria do Nascimento. "Language vices"; Brazil School. Available in: https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/gramatica/vicios-linguagem.htm. Accessed on June 27, 2021.
