King of Castile (1217-1252) and Leon (1230-1252) born in Valparaíso, who promoted the reconquest of Spanish territory dominated by the Muslims. Son of Alfonso IX of León and Berengaria, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile, Disaffection of the nobles in relation to the throne of Castile declared war on his father. With his death (1230) and excluded from the inheritance of Leon, he made an agreement with the clergy and nobility, endorsed by the Pact of Benavente, by virtue of which the unity of the kingdoms of Castile and Leon was maintained.
He married Beatriz of Swabia, who supported him in the fight against the Moors, whom he fought in Andalusia with vigor and enthusiasm. In the first campaign he conquered Andújar, Martos and Baeza. In the second campaign (1236), he achieved an even more important feat: the capture of Cordoba. He started the codification of Spanish law and founded the University of Salamanca. Widowed, he married Joan of Ponthieu (1237), and began his third campaign, directed by his son Afonso, future Alfonso X, in which he attacked the kingdom of Murcia with the aim of ensuring Castile an outlet to the Mediterranean. He then conquered Seville (1248), the capital of Andalusia, which fell after two years of siege. After his death in Seville, only the kingdom of Granada resisted Spanish unification for centuries. In recognition of his victories against Muslims, he was canonized (1671).
Source: Biographies - Academic Unit of Civil Engineering / UFCG
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SCHOOL, Team Brazil. "Fernando III the Holy"; Brazil School. Available in: https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/biografia/fernando-iii-santo.htm. Accessed on June 28, 2021.
