Austrian composer born in Vienna, then capital of the Austro-Hungarian empire, creator of the compositional method known as dodecaphonism, a decisive milestone in the evolution of music. Son of modest Jewish merchants, at the age of nine, he was already composing small pieces for two violins, which he played with his teacher or a relative. With the death of his father, he worked as a banker (1890-1895) to support himself. During this period he met Alexander von Zemlinsky, composer and conductor of an amateur orchestra, with whom he became a dedicated student and friend.
His first public performance (1897), with his work, was a string quartet in D major. From then on, he lived between Berlin and Vienna, dedicated to composition and teaching. After World War I, he started to develop the dodecaphonic method, in which each composition is structured from a series, formed by 12 different notes, from which all harmonic and melodic. His first twelve-tone work was Suite for piano (1921).
Nominated as composer at the Berlin Academy of Arts (1925), the rise of Nazism forced him to emigrate to the United States, where he became naturalized (1941) and remained there until his death, in Los Angeles, California. Among his works are Verklärte Nacht (1899), the oratorio Gurrelieder (1900), Kammersinfonie (1906), Harmonielehre (1911), Fünf Orchesterstücke (1909), Pierrot lunaire, opus 20 (1912), a violin concerto (1934-1936) and the piano concerto (1942). He also published several treatises, such as Models for Beginners in Composition (1942), and a collection of critical and autobiographical essays, Style and Idea (1950).
Source: http://www.dec.ufcg.edu.br/biografias/
Order F - Biography - Brazil School
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/biografia/franz-walter-arnold-schoenberg.htm
