The state of Espírito Santo makes up one of the federation's units, its territory is located in the southeast region of Brazil, and has particular characteristics in its natural configuration.
The following are aspects of important elements of state geography:
Relief
In the state of Espírito Santo, two relief units are identified, the lowland Espírito-Santense and the Serra Capixaba.
The first occurs along the entire coast of the territory and occupies approximately 40% of the entire state area, the altitude of which varies from 40 to 50 meters. The second occupies the central part of the state and has altitudes reaching 700 meters, where there are many mountainous areas and a series of rivers, also deriving several valleys. The Serra Capixaba is formed by mountainous massifs, in this context the highest points are: the Serras do Caparão, in addition to Pico da Bandeira (2.890m), Pico do Calçado (2.790m), Pico do Forno Grande (2070m).
Climate
Due to its location, the region is influenced by maritime activities and also by the Atlantic forest. factors prevails the tropical humid climate in coastal areas and in the interior of the state the tropical climate of altitude. The first develops rains in summer and dry winters, in general the average temperatures are always high, always above 22ºC, and has a rainfall index of 1,250 mm. In the second, as it deals with higher reliefs, the temperature tends to fall, this has an annual average of 18ºC, with relatively harsh winters, rainfall levels reach 1,700mm.
Vegetation
Taking into account the original vegetative composition, a large part of the state was occupied by tropical forest, known as Atlantic Forest, vegetation that has already covered the entire Brazilian coast is characterized by being wet and having a great biodiversity, the trees in these forests are tall and dense and there is almost no light coming in. solar. In this area live several species of fauna and flora, many of them endemic.
Hydrography
The main river in the state of Espírito Santo is the Rio Doce, its source is located in Minas Gerais, its course has 977 kilometers long, in addition to this there are others, such as the São Mateus, Itaúna, Itapemirim, Jucu, Mucuri and Itabapoana rivers.
Eduardo de Freitas
Graduated in Geography
Brazil School Team
Holy Spirit - Southeast region
geography of Brazil - Brazil School
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/brasil/aspectos-naturais-espirito-santo.htm
