In 1915, the Theory of General Relativity would be considered a unique perspective on gravity, revealing that this force can bend the path of light.
Previously, it was understood that light only traveled in a straight line even when it passed near massive objects like planets or other stars.
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However, the study carried out by Albert Einstein demonstrated that the trajectory of light can influence the propagation of light, causing it to curve.
Thus, the Theory of Relativity predicted that light beams, such as those emitted by stars distant, when passing close to a significant mass, they would follow curved trajectories. This, therefore, proves that such beams are directly influenced by gravity.
See more details about the study
The phenomenon described in the Theory of Relativity occurs due to the deformation that a star causes in the fabric of space-time around it. This causes this mesh to curve towards the mass of the star.
Due to massive objects such as planets and stars, the spacetime in their proximity is curved, leading to curved trajectories for light rays.
The proof of this concept occurred through experiments. Einstein used General Relativity equations and mathematical calculations to predict the curves in the path of light.
The first test was carried out during a solar eclipse simultaneously in Sobral, Brazil, and Príncipe Island, Africa, on May 29, 1919.
(Image: disclosure)
As Sun temporarily blocked by the Moon, scientists were able to observe stars close to the Sun and photograph them.
Such a sighting revealed that the stars were behind the Sun when observed from Earth, indicating that the light rays were curved by the solar gravitational field and proving the Theory of Relativity.
Confirmation of the veracity of the theory
The British team that conducted the experiment captured images of the stars during the eclipse and later in July, when the stars were in a position unaffected by the Sun.
These records were meticulously analyzed, and the results confirmed Einstein's theory: gravity is capable of diverting the path of light.
In this way, the Theory of Relativity is seen today as one of the most complex discoveries about physical phenomena.
Furthermore, taking into account the equipment used and the technological limitations of the time, the feat becomes even more incredible.