People with intellectual disabilities may process information more slowly than others.
Those who suffer from this disability find it difficult to communicate and manage everyday tasks. In addition, they also have difficulties with abstract concepts, such as money and time.
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An intellectual disability can be caused by a genetic condition, problems during pregnancy and birth, health problems, illness and environmental factors.
Types of intellectual disability
Fragile X Syndrome
It is the most common inherited intellectual disability. A Fragile X Syndrome It is a genetic condition caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. People born with Fragile X syndrome can experience a wide range of physical, developmental, and emotional difficulties.
However, the level of severity can be very varied. Some common signs include developmental delay, communication difficulties, anxiety, ADHD and autism-like behaviors. Men are generally more affected by the syndrome than women.
Down's syndrome
A Down's syndrome it is not a disease or illness, it is a genetic disorder that occurs when someone is born with a complete or partial extra copy of chromosome 21 in their DNA. Down syndrome is the most common genetic chromosomal disorder and the cause of learning difficulties in children.
People with Down syndrome can have a variety of common physical and developmental characteristics, as well as a higher-than-normal incidence of respiratory and heart disease.
Physical characteristics associated with Down syndrome may include a slight upward slanting of the eyes, a rounded face, and short stature.
They will also have some level of intellectual and learning disability, but this can vary greatly from person to person.
development delay
It is important to know that children develop and mature at different rates. However, when a child develops at a slower rate compared to other children of the same age, they may have a developmental delay.
One or more areas of development may be affected, including your ability to move, communicate, learn, understand or interact with other children.
Sometimes children with a developmental delay may not speak, move or behave in age-appropriate ways, but they may progress more quickly as they get older.
For others, their developmental delay can become more significant over time and affect their learning and education.
Prader Willi Syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare and complex genetic disorder that affects around 1 in 10,000 – 20,000 people. This deficiency is quite complex and is caused by an abnormality in the genes on chromosome 15. One of the most common symptoms is a constant, insatiable hunger that typically begins by age two.
People with this syndrome want to eat because the brain (specifically the hypothalamus) does not process the information that the body is satiated, so they are always hungry. Symptoms can be quite varied, but poor muscle tone and short stature are common.
A level of intellectual disability is also common, and children may find language, problem solving and math difficult. People with Prader-Willi syndrome may be born with distinctive facial features, including eyes. almond-shaped hair, a narrowing of the head, a thin upper lip, fair skin and hair, and a turned-down mouth. low.
fetal alcohol syndrome
A fetal alcohol syndrome refers to a number of conditions that are caused when the fetus is exposed to alcohol. When a mother is pregnant, alcohol crosses the placenta from the mother's bloodstream into the baby's, exposing the baby to concentrations similar to those of the mother.
Symptoms can vary, however, include distinct facial features, joint deformities, damage to organs such as the heart and bones. kidneys, slow physical growth, learning disabilities, poor memory and judgment, behavioral problems and poor social skills.
Many cases are also misdiagnosed as autism or ADHD as they may have similarities such as learning and behavioral difficulties, poor memory and hyperactivity.
It is not well understood how much alcohol can affect an unborn baby, but it is important to note that there is no proven safe amount of alcohol that women can drink during pregnancy. pregnancy.
The World Health Organization recommends that mothers-to-be, or those planning to become pregnant, abstain completely from alcohol.
environmental causes
Sometimes an intellectual disability is caused by an environmental factor or other causes. These causes can be quite varied, but can include: Problems during pregnancy, such as viral or bacterial infections; complications during birth; exposure to toxins such as lead or mercury; complications of diseases such as meningitis, measles or whooping cough; malnutrition and physical trauma.