The philosophical reflection arises in the VI century; a., in Greece, in opposition to the mythical narrative. A new concept of truth about reality thus replaces the model based on the oral tradition of poets, authorities who carry the will of the gods.
Philosophy emerges as amazement facing the possibility of finding the world strange and conceiving it in a rational way. This amazement drives the search for understanding the being as something natural and capable of being apprehended by the Logos (reason, speech, word) human.
After this first step, Philosophy also appears to us as admiration, that is, the contemplation of the truth in an absolute and universal way, valid for all, regardless of race, nation, culture, myth, etc. Thus, Philosophy frees man from the insecurity and fear provided by the Myth that the fate of men was a pawn of the gods.
To know this truth, philosophers strived to know the causes and the principles (arch) of all reality, discovering in the multiplicity of things and opinions a single principle. Let's see what the main features of this understanding process are:
• Rational tendency, in which only Reason is the criterion for explaining the world, according to its own principles;
• Submitting problems to analysis, criticism, discussion, demonstration, seeking to offer safe and definitive answers;
• Thought is the source of knowledge and must present the rules of its operation for justify its logical bases (for example: the principles of Identity, Non-Contradiction and Third Party Deleted);
• Do not accept preconceived notions, pre-established opinions, immediate prejudices, but investigate the real with the rigor required by thought and its laws, not being passive, but active in the process of to meet;
• Discover, from the analysis of similarities and dissimilarities between things, the principle that promotes generalization, that is, which allows grouping the various particular cases into a general class of objects.
By João Francisco P. Cabral
Brazil School Collaborator
Graduated in Philosophy from the Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU
Master's student in Philosophy at the State University of Campinas - UNICAMP
Philosophy - Brazil School
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/filosofia/principais-caracteristicas-filosofia-nascente.htm