Financial Mathematics is present in various everyday situations, in the calculation of interest on financial investments, late or advanced payments, discounts of bonds, mortgages and automobiles, investments, appreciation and devaluation in the purchase of shares and foreign currencies, capitalizations, among others.
To speed up mathematical calculations we use tools capable of operating certain mathematical situations in fraction seconds, the financial calculator is one of these tools, let's know some basic keys and their functions.
PV - present value
FV - future value
PMT – value of installments
n - period of capitalizations (time)
i - rate (%)
∆% – percentage difference between two numbers
Using the financial calculator
Example 1
What is the amount produced by a capital of R$ 1,200.00 applied at a rate of 1.5% p.m. for 2 years?
Press the following keys:
1.200 (PV)
1,5 (i)
24 (n)
(FV)
Result: -1715.40 (the minus sign will appear, as it is a cash outflow, amount paid by the bank)
Example 2
Goods that cost R$210.00 underwent a 6% readjustment. What's your new price?
210 (ENTER)
6 % +
Answer: BRL 222.60
Example 3
A television that cost R$840.00 started to cost R$1,020.00. What was the percentage increase suffered?
840 (ENTER)
1020 ∆%
Answer: 21.428%
Example 4
One dollar was quoted at R$1.95 and the next day its value was R$1.89. Calculate your devaluation.
1,95 (ENTER)
1,89 ∆%
Answer: -3.076%
Example 5
How much should Mr. Paulo apply today to obtain R$ 1,215.60, in 4 months, at a rate of 4% p.m.?
1215,60 (FV)
4 (n)
4 (i)
PV
Result: -1039.10
Example 6
Pedro financed the amount of R$ 15,520.00 referring to the price of a car, at the rate of 1.2% a.m. for 24 months. What is the value of the installments?
15520 (PV)
24 (n)
1,2 (i)
PMT
Result: BRL 748.10
Example 7
How long should I invest a capital of $4,000 at a rate of 2.5% so that it yields an amount of $10,000?
4000 (CHS) (PV)
10000 (FV)
2,5 (i)
(n)
Result: 38 months.
Example 8
Lucas will deposit monthly in a banking institution the amount of R$50.00, during 24 months at a rate of 2% a.m. How much will he withdraw after 30 days of the last deposit?
50 (PMT)
24 (n)
2 (i)
FV
Result: BRL 1,521.09
by Mark Noah
Graduated in Mathematics
Brazil School Team
Financial math - Math - Brazil School
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/matematica/nocoes-sobre-utilizacao-uma-calculadora-financeira.htm
