French physicist and chemist born in Paris, son-in-law of the Curies, who along with his wife, also French physicist Irène Joliot-Curie, discovered artificial radioactivity. He graduated in industrial chemistry at the École de Physique et de Chimie in Paris (1923) and was employed as an assistant to Marie Curie (1925) at the Radium Institute. A year later, he married Irène, his boss's daughter, and they adopted the Joliot-Curie combination in the couple's name. Researcher at the Radium Institute (1925-1931), with his wife discovered artificial radioactivity, obtaining artificial radioactive substances through from bombardment with alpha particles, boron, aluminum and magnesium, obtaining artificial radioactive isotopes of nitrogen, phosphorus and aluminum (1934).
The discovery of these elements, used to monitor chemical changes and physiological processes, earned them the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1935). He became professor at the Collège de France (1937) and captain of the French Artillery, heading all radio experiments (1939). He joined the French Communist Party (1940) and during the occupation of France by German troops in World War II World Cup, continued his work, becoming an important figure in the resistance movement of the University of Paris. He entered the Academies of Science and Medicine (1943) and assumed the direction of the Scientific Research Center (1945). He was a member of the Atomic Energy commission (1946-1950), being the first High Commissioner of Atomic Energy of the French government (1946), appointed by the General Charles de Gaulle, was the French delegate to the United Nations Commission on Atomic Energy in New York and chaired the World Council of Peace.
He announced the discovery of a new atomic nucleus particle called mesatron lambda (1948). Together with his wife he was forced to resign from the Nuclear Energy Commission of France (1950) on charges of being communists. Received the Stalin Peace Prize, awarded by the Soviet Union (1951). Still together, they developed studies on the projection of nuclei, an essential step for the discovery of the neutron, the chain reactions and the conditions for the realization of an atomic pile made of uranium and water heavy. He also demonstrated in practice the fission of uranium and built the first cyclotron, the particle accelerator, in Europe, however he was not able to progress in these researches due to the limitation of the equipment in his laboratory, at the Nuclear Physics Center D'Orsay. He became a member of the Central Committee of the French Communist Party (1956) and was Professor of Nuclear Physics at the University of Paris (1956-1958) until his death in Paris.
Photo copied from the NOBEL e-MUSEUM website:
http://www.nobel.se/
Source: http://www.dec.ufcg.edu.br/biografias/
Order F - Biography - Brazil School
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/biografia/jean-frederic-joliot-curie.htm