High Glucose: Understanding the Risks and Learning to Control It

High blood glucose, also known as hyperglycemia, occurs when there is an excess of sugar in the blood. This condition can be temporary, as after a high-carbohydrate meal, or chronic, as in the case of diabetes. Chronic hyperglycemia poses a significant health risk and can lead to serious long-term complications. In this article, we'll cover the causes, symptoms, risks, and strategies for managing high blood glucose.

Causes of high glucose

The main causes of high glucose include:

1. Diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are the main causes of chronic hyperglycemia. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin, while in type 2, insulin is produced but the body does not use it properly.
2. Other medical conditions: In addition to diabetes, other medical conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Cushing's disease, and acromegaly can lead to hyperglycemia.
3. Medicines: Some medications, such as corticosteroids, diuretics, and antidepressants, can increase blood glucose levels.
4. Stress: Physical and emotional stress can temporarily raise blood sugar levels due to the release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline.

Symptoms of High Glucose

The symptoms of high blood glucose can vary depending on the severity and duration of the condition. Some of the most common symptoms include:

• excessive thirst
• frequent urination
• Fatigue
• Blurry vision
• Headache
• involuntary weight loss
• Difficulty concentrating
• Wounds that take time to heal

1. Risks associated with high glucose

Chronic high glucose can lead to several complications, such as:

• Cardiovascular diseases
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Diabetic retinopathy
• diabetic nephropathy
• Skin problems and infections
• Dental problems and gum disease

High glucose – Photo: Canva.

High glucose control strategies

Controlling high blood glucose involves comprehensive approaches that include lifestyle changes and, if necessary, medical treatments. Some control strategies include:

1. Diet: Opt for a balanced, high-fiber diet low in added sugars and refined carbohydrates.
2. Physical exercise: Regular physical activity helps control blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity.
3. Monitoring of glucose levels: Regularly checking blood glucose levels can help identify trends and adjust treatment as needed.
4. Medication: If necessary, doctor-prescribed medications, such as insulin or other diabetes medications, may be used to help control blood glucose levels.
5. Stress management: Learning stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga or cognitive behavioral therapy can help reduce the effects of stress on glucose levels.
6. Healthy weight maintenance: Losing weight, if necessary, and maintaining a healthy weight can improve insulin sensitivity and help control glucose levels.
7. Regular doctor appointments: Maintain regular doctor appointments and work closely with healthcare professionals to monitor and manage high blood glucose.

High blood glucose, or hyperglycemia, poses a significant health risk if not properly controlled. Understanding the causes, symptoms and risks associated with high blood glucose is critical to adopting effective control measures.

Implementing lifestyle changes such as dietary adjustments, exercise, and stress management can make a big difference in preventing and managing high blood glucose. Working with healthcare professionals and following medical recommendations is also crucial to ensuring the best possible quality of life for people with chronic hyperglycemia.