Los pronombres: the pronouns in spanish

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Lospronombres (the pronouns in spanish) constitute a class of words whose function is to replace or represent a noun, an adjective or even a sentence. Depending on their grammatical classification, they may be invariable or vary in gender and number. They can also indicate the degree of formality or informality that the speaker performs in his linguistic production.

As a grammatical class, the pronouns have the following classification:

  • personal pronouns (personal),

  • reflexive pronouns (reflective),

  • possessive pronouns (possessive),

  • demonstrative pronouns (statements),

  • indefinite pronouns (undefined),

  • relative pronouns (relatives),

  • interrogative and exclamatory pronouns (interrogative and exclamatory).

Due to the extent of its functions and presence in Spanish, learning about this class is one of the main steps to deepening your knowledge of this language. So keep reading and ¡échale ganas to learn!

See too:Losnouns — nouns in spanish

What are the types of pronouns in Spanish?

See below a table with all the pronouns and understand how they rank that way in the sequence.

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personal pronouns

subject pronouns

Portuguese

yo

I

you/you

you

he/she/usted

he/she/it

us

us

you

you/you

ellos/ellas/ustedes

they/they/you

complement pronouns

unstressed

me

me

you

you

lo, la, le, if

the, the, you

us

us

you

the, the, them

them, las, les, se

the, the, them

tonics

me, I can

me, with

you, with you

you, with you

si, con, él, ella, usted

si, with, he, she, you, sir, madam

nosotros, nosotras

us

yours, yours

you

Si, with, ellos, ellas, ustedes

si, with, they, they, you

reflexive pronouns

me

me

you

you

if

if

us

us

you

if

if

if

possessive pronouns

unstressed

mi(s)

my(s), my(s)

you (s)

yours, yours, yours, yours

your(s)

your(s), his(s), his(s), hers(s)

our

our

senior(s)

yours, yours, yours

your(s)

your(s), your(s), yours, his(s), her(s)

tonics

child(ren)

my(s), my(s)

tuyo/a

yours, yours, yours, yours

suyo/a

your(s), his(s), his(s), hers(s)

our

our

senior(s)

yours, yours, yours

suyo/a

your(s), your(s), yours, his(s), her(s)

demonstrative pronouns

male

this (estos) – this (esos) – that (those)

this(s) – these(s) – those(s)

female

this (these) – that (these) – that one (these)

this(s) – these(s) – those(s)

neutral

this – that – that

this – that – that

indefinite pronouns

Variables

someone

some)

nobody

none

too much

a lot

a lot

a lot

few

little(s)

all

all

so much

so much

other(s)

other(s)

one(s)

one(s)

several

several

enough (s)

enough (s)

whatever/whatever

any/any

quien/quienesquiera

who

invariables

someone

somebody

nadie

nobody

something

something

anything

anything

but of

too much

each

each

relative pronouns

who(s)

who

which one(s)

which one(s)

cuyo (s), cuya (s)

whose

how much(s), how much(s)

as to)

interrogative and exclamatory pronouns

invariables

what

what

when

when

as

as

where

where

Variables

what

which

who/is

who

how much

as to)

Personal pronouns

personal pronouns are those who fulfill subject or complement of a sentence.

I call myself Fabrizio.

(My name is Fabricio.)

The second person personal pronouns (you, you, yourselves) It is usted indicate the degree of formality that the speaker dedicates to the person with whom he speaks. the pronouns you,you It is you (the latter frequently used in Spain) are used informally, that is, when the speaker wants to indicate intimacy or closeness with the speaker. On the other hand, the pronoun usted indicates formality, distance and respect (by social status or age) for the person you are talking to.

Are you Miguel's sister?

(Are you Miguel's sister?)

¿Es usted la madre de Miguel?

(Are you Miguel's mother?)

The reflexive pronouns

reflexive pronouns are those who indicate that the action is practiced and received by the subject himself. For this reason, follow the reflexive or pronominal verbs.

Susana showers twice a day.

(Susan takes a bath twice a day.)

The possessive pronouns

possessive pronouns — next toadjectives possessive (possessive adjectives) — are called possessive determinants (possessive determiners) and have the function of indicating ownership or belonging.

Where are your books?

(Where are your books?)

This notebook is not mine.

(This notebook is not mine.)

This is Miguel. His uncle married my sister.

(This is Miguel. His uncle married my sister.)

The demonstrative pronouns

demonstrative pronouns he has function of identifying people and objects in space. It is a deictic category, that is, its meaning depends on the position that the speaker or listener occupies in time or space. They are also used as textual articulators, resuming or anticipating other terms.

That boy is new at school.

(That boy is new at school.)

This is the library.

(This is the library.)

The indefinite pronouns

indefinite pronouns are those who refer to the third person of speech in a vague or generalized way.

There was no one at home.

(There was no one at home.)

She tells me that there was no problem.

(He told me there was no problem.)

relative pronouns

relative pronouns refer to an object, person or being already mentioned earlier in the speech, which is called the antecedent.

Esta es la chica whose mommy is my teacher.

(This is a girl whose mother is my teacher.)

Interrogative and exclamatory pronouns

Some of Pinterrogative and exclamatory pronouns coincide with thepronouns relative, the difference being that, when indicating a question or exclamation, they must be accentuated.

How much does it cost?

(How much does it cost?)

I don't know where your house is.

(I don't know where your house is.)

What a beautiful day!

(What a beautiful day!)

Read too:ThereThecentuation — the accent in spanish

Solved exercises on the pronouns

question 1

Choose the appropriate pronoun for each sentence: usted, mí, su, ella, yo.

A) Ayer __________ went to the mall.

B) _______ es una chica stupendous.

C) Can you get my sister to ________?

D) Is this ________ el señor González?

E) That one is the history teacher. The director is ______ husband.

Resolution:

A) yo

B) she

C) my

d) usted

E) su

question 2

(UFMS) Rellene los espacios subrayados con un pronombre personal o posesivo. Note the concordance. The text below is the poem XXI of the Rimas book, by Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer.

“What is poetry? dices mientras clubs en mi pupil _____ blue pupil.

What is poetry? Y _____ me lo questions?

Poetry… you are _____.”

A) tus, usted, tu.

B) su, usted, ella.

C) you, you, you.

D) tu, vos, usted.

Resolution:

Alternative C

The verb dicesis conjugated to the second person singular you (you), which indicates that throughout the text, the author will address the person with whom he is speaking informally.

By Renata Martins Gornattes
Spanish teacher

Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/espanhol/los-pronombres.htm

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