According to the Real Academia Española (RAE), the adjective word comes from Latin adiectivus and expresses heat or accident. The grammatical function of the adjective is to qualify or determine the noun, accompanying it in gender and number.The adjectivesthey are traditionally classified into two groups: qualifying adjectives and determinative adjectives. Let's see each one of them :/ According to the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE), the word adjective comes from the Latin adiectivus and expresses quality or accident. The grammatical function of the adjective is to qualify or determine the noun, varying as it does in gender and number. Adjectives are traditionally classified into two groups: qualifiers and determinatives. Let's look at each of them:
The qualifying adjectives (The qualifying adjectives):
Otorgan al noun a quality./ They give the noun a quality.
Examples: Students scholars. / Examples: Scholars students.
The qualifying adjectives are subdivided into the following groups: explanatory and specific. / Qualifying adjectives are divided into two groups: explanatory and specific.
→ Explanatory adjectives
These adjectives explain a natural quality of name. Due to their explanatory value, the adjectives appear before the noun. / These adjectives explain a natural quality of the name. Because of their explanatory value, they appear in front of the noun.
Example: Cold cool. / Example: Cold ice cream (literal translation into Portuguese).
→ Specific adjectives
They are the most common adjectives. Its characteristic is to specify the noun, differentiating it from other names. / They are the most common adjectives. Its characteristic is to specify the noun, differentiating it from other names.
Example:the carpet address. / Examples: The purple folder.
Table of qualifying adjectives (explanatory and specific)./
Table of qualifying adjectives (explanatory and specific).
The determinative adjectives/ The determinative adjectives
The determinative adjectives are those that identify the noun and inform with exactitude its meaning. They are classified in: Thereticles (determined and indeterminate), demonstrative, possessive, numeral, indefinite, interrogative and exclamatory./ Determining adjectives are those that identify the noun of the sentence and accurately inform its meaning. They are classified into: articles (determined and indeterminate), demonstrative, possessive, numeral, indefinite, interrogative and exclamatory.
→ Adjective definite article
It refers to something definite. / Refers to something definite, determined.
Example: There señora Pérez is sick. / Example: THE Mrs. Pérez is sick.
→ Adjective indeterminate article
Example:Le hicieron one questions. / they made him some Questions.
→ demonstrative adjective
It indicates proximity or lejanía in relation to the name to which it refers. / Indicates proximity or distance to the name being referred to.
Examples:
— This one libro, which is in more manos, es mío. (surroundings)/ This one book, which is in my hands, is mine. (Proximity)
— esa red shirt that is in the store window is very pretty. (In this case, the shirt is not close, but it is also lejos.) / That The red shirt that is in the shop window is very beautiful. (In this case, the shirt is not close, but not far either.)
— that one chico that is next to the supermarket is mi vecino. (Lejania) / That one boy next to the supermarket is my neighbor. (Distance)
→ Numeral adjective
This adjective quantifies the noun, indicating the number u order. / This adjective assigns numerical value to the noun.
Examples:
— Maria ate herself three milling cutters. / Mary ate three strawberries.
— Mi first guitar class will be mañana. / Mine first guitar lesson will be tomorrow.
→ indefinite adjective
This adjective generalizes the meaning of the noun. / This adjective generalizes the meaning of the noun.
Example: One day whatever I will go to China. / One of these days I'm going to China.
→ Interrogative and Exclamatory Adjectives
The interrogative and exclamatory adjectives precede the noun and always llevan tilde. / Interrogative and exclamatory adjectives precede the noun and always have an accent.
Examples:
— ¿whichfilms do you like it more? (interrogative adjective) / of which movies do you like best?
— ¡amounthappiness! (exclamatory adjective) / How much happiness!
— ¡Hello! / Heads up!
Interrogative and exclamatory adjectives cannot be confused with interrogative and exclamatory pronouns. These latter substitute the noun. / Interrogative and exclamatory adjectives cannot be confused with interrogative and exclamatory pronouns. The latter replace the noun.
Examples:
— ¿Who do you like? (interrogative pronoun) / Which ones do you like best?
— ¡How much I feel! (exclamatory pronoun) / I'm sorry!
By Nadia Rocha
Bachelor of Arts - Spanish
Would you like to reference this text in a school or academic work? Look:
ROCK, Nadia. "The adjectives"; Brazil School. Available at: /Spanish/adjective.htm. Accessed April 24, 2022.
