Operfect past tense composed of indicative(past perfect composed of the indicative in Spanish) keeps a real relationship, thought or perceived by the speaking with the present, it can also indicate an immediate or recent past, something that just happened, in a temporal unit of which the speaker is still a part, that is, that it is not over yet.
It is also used to express actions that, chronologically, occurred in the past, but whose results still have an influence or continue in the present. In the journalistic sphere, this verbal tense is used to link the narrated fact to the present and give the news an up-to-date character.
Read too: Emotions and moods in andspanish
Summary about the perfect past tense composed of indicative
It is used to express actions that occurred in the recent past or that are somehow related to the present.
It is a compound tense, formed by the present tense of the verb know and the participle of the main verb.
Video lesson on past tense composed in Spanish
Formation and uses of the perfect past tense composed of indicative
O perfect past tense composite is classified as a compound tense, whose structure is formed by the verb know, conjugated in the present tense, and the main verb conjugated in the participle.
Pronouns |
Verb know in the present tense |
main verb in the participle |
yo |
he |
cleansed eaten request |
you / you |
has |
|
he / she / usted |
there is |
|
nosotras |
hemos |
|
you (the) |
skillful |
|
ellos/ustedes |
ha |
Due to this character of representing a past moment within an unfinished period, it is common for the perfect past tense composite be used with time markers related to the present, such as:
this morning/afternoon/night/week
this month/year/day/weekend
today
ya
not yet
always
Never
some time
Look at the examples:
This morning I slept until last night.
(This morning I slept until nine.)
In that case, the morning is not yet over.
Have you visited Argentina?
(Have you ever visited Argentina?)
In this second case, it is a use called experience perfect, that is, it expresses the experiences that the subject had (or not) during his/her life.
O perfect past tense composite it is most commonly used in Spain (also recorded on the Peruvian coast, the Bolivian and Colombian Andes, northwestern and central Argentina). In most Spanish-speaking regions, it is preferred to use the simple past tense or Undefined to refer to past actions even if the time unit is not yet completed. Thus, it is said:
today study with my girlfriend.
instead of
today he was with my girl.
(Today I was with my girlfriend)
On the other hand, the perfect past tense composite with finished time units. A sentence like the following is ungrammatical, that is, it would not be produced, as it breaks with the function of this past tense in Spanish, which is to express past facts in a recent time.
Colon reached the Americas in 1492.*
The correct thing, therefore, is to say:
Colon reached the Americas in 1492.
(Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492).
In most countries, therefore, the perfect past tense composite is used to refer to actions that continue in the present:
I have always lived here.
(I have always lived/lived here.)
In this sentence, the action started in the past and continues in the subject's present, as he still resides in the same place.
La class ha empezado a las siete.
(Class started at seven.)
In this example, the class started at seven, but it's not over yet.
See too: Subjunctive present in Spanish
Perfect of recent news
Another very common use is called perfect for recent news, usual at the beginning of news statements, which allows linking the narrated fact to the present time. Generally, the explanation of the facts follows with the indefinite past tense.
The new video of the Spanish singer has broken internet. She danced like Beyoncé.
(The new video of the Spanish singer broke the internet. She danced like Beyoncé.)
OJO! Despite having a structure similar to the perfect past tense in the Portuguese language, these two pasts do not have the same meaning and are not mutually translated.
In Portuguese, the compound past perfect tense indicates an action that started in the past and continues frequent in the present. already the perfect past tense composite indicates an action that ended in the past but still influences the present.
I have been studying a lot.
(I'm studying a lot./He's been studying a lot.)
Note that, in this case, it was necessary to insert the gerund to indicate that this is an ongoing action.
He studied a lot.
(I studied a lot.)
solved exercises
Question 1 - simple past tense or composite? Decide which of the past two is used in each of the following examples. Attention: in some sentences it is possible to use both.
A) Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ha born/nació in 1547.
B) This morning he lost/disabled with me mama.
C) However in the he finished/finished to carry out the exercises.
This year ha past/pasó very fast.
E) Juana has gone to Cancun the past year..
Resolution
A) national
B) he left
C) he finished/finished
D) past/past
E) has gone
question 2 - (Enem 2014.1)
In a year of campaigning in Paraguay, I wear a lot of sad things…
He has seen the land, with his incoercible fertility and safety, to suffocate the man, who throws a seed and obtains different plants and does not know which ones are. He has seen the old paths that opened up the tyranny devoured by the vegetation, neglected by the floods, blurred by the abandonment.
(BARRET, R. what have i seen. Cuba: XX Feria Internacional del Libro de la Habana, 2011.)
Rafael Barret was born in Spain and, still young, went to live in Paraguay. the text fragment what's upand visa reveals a little of the writer's perception of the Paraguayan reality, marked, in essence, by (a)
THE. discouragement in the face of natural adversities.
B. extensive knowledge of the Paraguayan flora.
Ç. impossibility of cultivating the land.
D. need to build new paths.
AND. unpreparedness of the farmer in dealing with the land.
Resolution
Alternative A. Throughout the text, the author points out elements of reality Paraguayan that make him discontent, especially those related to the natural adversities that devastate the plantations during the year in which he writes his text. Therefore, the correct answer is the letter A.
By Renata Martins Gornattes
Spanish teacher
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/espanhol/preterito-perfeito-composto-do-indicativo-em-espanhol.htm