O Romanticism was an important movementcultural and aesthetic which revolutionized the foundations of art in the 18th and 19th centuries. In Romanticism in Brazil, it is possible to see several Tendenciesromantic in several Art. Specifically atpoetry, existed threegenerations of writers that should be read by those who want to know such a movement - the Indianists (1st generation), the ultra-romantic (2nd generation) and the confreres (3rd generation romantic). Find out below some of the main information to understand the first generation of Brazilian Romanticism.
Characteristics
The main characteristics of the first romantic generation are:
- Nationalism;
- Presence of the Indian as a national hero;
- Description of the encounter between Indians and Europeans as a representation of the myth of the creation of Brazil;
- Brazilian nature exalted as exuberant and confidant of the lyrical subject of the poems;
- Self-centeredness;
- Idealization of love and woman.
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Historical context
Brazilian Romanticism had as its starting point the publication of the book Poetic sighs and longings, by Gonçalves de Magalhães. Nevertheless, specifically for the first romantic generation, the Indianists, a facthistoric is of fundamental importance for the consolidation of the movement: the arrivalgivesfamilyrealportuguese to Brazil in 1808. The transfer of Portuguese imperial court for Brazil it promoted, in Tupinikim lands, a series of reforms, among which it is worth mentioning:
- Reclassification of Brazil, what left to be a Cologneinexploration and became a Kingdomunited to Portugal;
- Creation of pressnational, previously prohibited;
- Consolidation of RiverinJanuary like thirstadministrative of the Portuguese Court;
- Foundation of BankofBrazil, of MuseumNational (fired in 2018), of the HouseinSupplicationofBrazil (in the future, transformed into the Federal Supreme Court), etc.
with such changes at structureSocial, policy and administrative of the country, Brazil is now seen as, in fact, a nation. In line with these modernizations of the Brazilian State, the firstgeneration romantic emerged as a answerpoetics The questionsidentity that began to emerge, seeking to answer questions such as "what is being Brazilian?" or even “what is the mythological origin of Brazil?”.
Read more:Learn more about the literary school that preceded Romanticism in Brazil
authors
The first generation of Brazilian Romanticism has as its main author GonçalvesDays, that wrote poemsfamous such as “I-Juca Pirama”, “Canção do exílio”, “Leito de leaf greens” or even “Marabá”. Josephinalencar, despite being a prose, too he wroteAffairs that dialogued with the flagsIndianists, such as the exaltation of the Indian and the national nature. The novels “Iracema” and “O Guarani” are considered Indianist.
poems
Read below two Indianist poems:
Text 01.
I-Juca Pirama
IV
my death song,
Warriors, I heard:
I'm a child of the jungles,
In the jungles I grew up;
warriors coming down
From the Tupi tribe.
From the mighty tribe,
who is now wandering
Due to fickle fate,
Warriors, I was born:
I'm brave, I'm strong,
I am a child of the North;
my death song,
Warriors, I heard.
[...]
(Gonçalves Dias)
In the careful reading of this excerpt from I-Juca Pirama, we noticed the exaltationgivesnature Brazilian (“I am a child of the jungles, / I grew up in the jungles”) and of the Indian as a hero (“Warriors, descending / from the Tupi tribe.” [...] “I am brave, I am strong / I am a child of the North”).
Text 02.
green leaf bed
Why delay, Jatir, what a cost
Does the voice of my love move your steps?
From the night the turning, moving the leaves,
Already at the tops of the woods it is rustling.
Me, under the canopy of the haughty hose
Our gentle bed zealously covered
With beautiful soft-leaf tapiz,
Where the limp moonlight plays among flowers.
From the tamarind the flower opened a little while ago,
Already release the sweetest aroma bogari!
As a prayer of love, as these prayers,
In the silence of the night the forest exhales.
The moon shines in the sky, stars shine,
Perfumes run in the breeze,
Whose magical influx is breathed
A broken love, better than life!
The flower that blooms at dawn
A single turn of the sun, no more, vegetates:
I'm that flower I still wait
Sweet ray of the sun that gives me life.
Be it valleys or hills, lake or land,
Wherever you go, day or night,
Go following my thoughts after you;
I never had another love: you're mine, I'm yours!
My eyes other eyes never saw,
Did not feel my lips other lips,
No other hands, Jatir, but yours
The arazóia on the strap squeezed me
From the tamarind the flower lies half-open,
It already releases the sweetest aroma bogari;
Also my heart, like these flowers,
Best perfume at night exudes!
Don't listen to me, Jatir! don't be long
To the voice of my love, which calls you in vain!
Tupa! there the sun breaks! of the useless bed
The morning breeze shakes the leaves!
(Gonçalves Dias)
In the poem “Lite of green leaves”, there is also the presenceofIndian as a central figure (both the lyrical subject and Jatir, his loving interlocutor, belong to an indigenous group). In addition, one notices the idealizationloving (“My eyes, other eyes never saw, / did not feel my lips, other lips, / nor other hands, Jatir, other than yours / the arazóia in the belt squeezed me”).
Construction
The main works of the first romantic generation are:
- Gonçalves Dias
“Second Corners” (1848)
“Last Corners” (1851)
“The Timbiras” (1857)
“Corners” (1857)
- José de Alencar
“The Guarani” (1857)
“Iracema” (1865)
Also access:Discover Cordel Literature, typically northeastern aesthetics
Curiosities
One of the best known Brazilian poems was written during the first romantic generation: exile song, by Gonçalves Dias:
My land has palm trees,
Where the Sabiá sings;
The birds, which chirp here,
It doesn't chirp like there.
Our sky has more stars,
Our floodplains have more flowers,
Our woods have more life,
Our loves more life.
In brooding, alone, at night,
More pleasure I find there;
My land has palm trees,
Where the Sabiá sings.
My land has primes,
Such as I do not find here;
In brooding alone at night,
More pleasure I find there;
My land has palm trees,
Where the Sabiá sings.
Don't let God let me die,
Without my going back there;
Without enjoying the primes
That I don't find around here;
Without even seeing the palm trees,
Where the Sabiá sings.
A curiosity about this classic poem in Brazilian literature is that it, in fact, was writtenat theexile. According to researchers in the author's life, it is possible that the poet wrote his verses in the city of Coimbra, in Portugal.
The writer had been sent there to studyingRight at the university in the Portuguese city. Full of miss you, Gonçalves Dias wrote “Canção do exílio” in 1843 to emphasize the exuberanceBrazilian to the detriment of the solitary life that lived in the lands of the colonizers of Brazil.
By Mother Fernando Marinho