The causes and consequences of the First World War (1914-1918) are usually charged in Enem and in entrance exams across the country.
Therefore, we have prepared a review of exercises with commented templates to prepare you for a place at the university.
Good study!
question 1
(Enem-2014) Three decades — from 1884 to 1914 — separate the 19th century — which ended with the race of European countries for Africa and the rise of national unification movements in Europe — from the 20th century, which began with the First World War. World. It is the period of Imperialism, of stagnant stillness in Europe and exciting events in Asia and Africa.
ARENDT, H. The origins of totalitarianism. São Paulo: Company of Letters, 2012.
The aforementioned historical process contributed to the outbreak of the First World War as
a) spread socialist theories.
b) intensified territorial disputes.
c) overcame economic crises.
d) multiplied religious conflicts.
e) contained xenophobic feelings.
Correct alternative b) intensified territorial disputes.
The text mentions "imperialism", which is precisely the dispute between the European powers to conquer more territories in Africa and Asia.
a) WRONG. Socialist theories were disseminated in this period, yes, but they are not related to the passage cited in the question.
c) WRONG. The economic crises have not been resolved at this time, although there is industrial growth. Anyway, this idea is not present in the text.
d) WRONG. Religious conflicts did not grow during this period.
e) WRONG. At this time, xenophobic feelings increased and not contained. It is the time of great nationalism in all European countries.
Question2
(UFF) Many historians consider the First World War as a major factor in the crisis of contemporary liberal societies. Check the box that contains all correct arguments in favor of that opinion.
a) The war economy led to unprecedented state interventionism; the “sacred union” was invoked in favor of serious restrictions on civil and political liberties and, due to the war recently completed, in 1920 serious economic difficulties broke out that shook liberal countries, especially through the inflation.
b) In all countries, the war economy forced the abolition of workers' unions, the confiscation of the private fortunes and to close down Parliaments, thus calling into question the basic pillars of society liberal.
c) During the war it was necessary to install authoritarian and dictatorial regimes in formerly liberal countries such as France and England, in a harbinger of fascism yet to come.
d) The war transformed formerly liberal states into managers of a militarized economy that used menial work for the manufacture of weapons and ammunition is new, in flagrant disregard for freedoms individual.
e) Defeated in World War I, the great liberal powers were, for this reason, powerless to contain the subsequent communist challenge and fascism.
Correct alternative: a) The war economy led to unprecedented state interventionism; the “sacred union” was invoked in favor of serious restrictions on civil and political liberties and, due to the war recently completed, in 1920 serious economic difficulties broke out that shook liberal countries, especially through the inflation.
The end of the conflict favored disbelief in traditional political parties, which led many people to support non-liberal ideas such as fascism and communism.
b) WRONG. Nothing described in such an alternative has occurred.
c) WRONG. There was no establishment of militarist regimes in France and England,
d) WRONG. This transformation has not occurred, at this time, from a liberal state to a managerial state.
e) WRONG. In History we cannot generalize, as communism and fascism were contained in some liberal-cut countries.
Question3
(Enem-2009) The first half of the 20th century was marked by conflicts and processes that registered it as one of the most violent periods in human history.
Among the main factors that led to the conflicts that occurred during the first half of the 20th century are:
a) the crisis of colonialism, the rise of nationalism and totalitarianism.
b) the weakening of the British Empire, the Great Depression and the nuclear race.
c) British decline, the failure of the League of Nations and the Cuban Revolution.
d) the arms race, third worldism and Soviet expansionism.
e) the Bolshevik Revolution, imperialism and the unification of Germany.
Correct alternative: a) the crisis of colonialism, the rise of nationalism and totalitarianism.
The crisis of colonialism provoked fierce disputes between European countries that were added to a strong nationalist propaganda that despised the neighbors. This provided the rise of totalitarian regimes in countries like Germany and Italy.
To answer the exercise, pay attention to the requested date: "first half of the 20th century". Thus, we eliminated the last four alternatives because they refer to facts that occurred in the second half of the century, as the crisis of colonialism, nuclear race, Cuban Revolution, third-worldism and unification German.
Question4
(PUC-Campinas) Regarding the causes of the First World War, it is correct to state that:
a) The inability of liberal states to solve the economic crisis of the 19th century put the entire structure of the capitalist system in check. The political and social instability of European nations gave rise to colonialist disputes and conflict between the powers.
b) The uneven development of the European capitalist nations accentuated the imperialist rivalry. The colonial dispute marked by aggressive nationalism and the arms race expanded the points of friction between the powers.
c) The success of the appeasement policy and the alliance system balanced the system of forces between the European nations, intensifying the struggles for conquest of the colonies in Africa and Asia.
d) The expansionism in Austria, the invasion of Poland by German troops frightened England and France, who reacted against the aggression by declaring war on the enemy.
e) The imbalance between production and consumption encouraged the conquest of new markets producing raw materials and consumers of production goods, reactivating rivalries between European and European countries. North America.
Correct alternative: b) The uneven development of the European capitalist nations has accentuated the imperialist rivalry. The colonial dispute marked by aggressive nationalism and the arms race expanded the points of friction between the powers.
At the beginning of the 20th century, after the unification of the German Empire, it went in search of colonies in Africa and Asia. For that, it has to use a nationalist discourse that exalts the qualities of the Germans and despises other European peoples such as England and France.
a) WRONG. The crisis of the liberal states has not endangered the ENTIRE structure of the capitalist system, but some of its aspects.
c) WRONG. The "appeasement policy" took place in the 1930s and has nothing to do with World War I.
d) WRONG. Poland would only be invaded in 1939, by Germany.
e) WRONG. There was no such imbalance between Europe and North America.
Question 5
(Unirio) Among the factors that led to the First World War (1914-1918), we highlight:
a) Slav nationalism allied to the disintegration of the Turkish Empire.
b) Anglo-German military agreement aiming at the partition of Africa.
c) international imbalance caused by Russia's alliance with the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
d) French discontent with the occupation of Morocco.
e) Emperor Franz Ferdinand's opposition to Serbia's admission to the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Correct alternative: a) Slav nationalism allied to the disintegration of the Turkish Empire.
Slavic nationalism, whose nations were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, became a problem for the stability of this Empire and for the neighboring nations. Already the Turkish Empire faced rebellions that were supported by powers like the United Kingdom. Therefore, internally, the Turkish Empire was quite unstable, with several internal rebellions.
b) WRONG. Germany and England did not sign any pact to divide Africa. Rather, they were rival nations.
c) WRONG. The Russian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire did not sign any alliance, and still disputed a common territory that was Serbia.
d) WRONG. France was not unhappy with the occupation of Morocco, as it was itself that occupied this territory.
e) WRONG. There are two errors in this sentence: Francis Ferdinand was not emperor and Serbia was already part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Question 6
(UFPel-2008) "Articles of the Treaty of Versailles:
Art. 45 - Germany cedes to France absolute ownership [...], with full exploitation rights, of the coal mines located in the basin of the river Saar.
Art. 119 - Germany renounces, in favor of the Allied Powers, all rights over the overseas colonies. Art. 171 - The manufacture and import of armored cars, tanks, or any other instrument that serves war purposes is prohibited in Germany.
Art. 232 - Germany undertakes to repair all damage caused to the civilian population of the allied powers and their property."
MARQUES, Adhemar Martins et all. "Contemporary History Texts and Documents". São Paulo: Context, 1999.
According to the text and your knowledge it is correct to state that the Treaty of Versailles:
a) Ended World War II, causing Germany to lose its overseas colonies to Allied countries.
b) Extinguished the League of Nations, proposing the creation of the United Nations (UN) in 1945, with the aim of preserving world peace.
c) It stimulated economic and colonial competition between European countries, culminating in World War I.
d) Allowed the Allied Powers to divide Germany at the end of World War II into four zones of occupation: French, British, American and Soviet.
e) It imposed harsh sanctions on Germany at the end of World War I, resurrecting nationalism and reorganizing the country's political forces.
Correct alternative: e) It imposed harsh sanctions on Germany at the end of World War I, resurrecting nationalism and reorganizing the country's political forces.
To answer this question it is necessary about the two great world conflicts of the 20th century. The Treaty of Versailles concerns the end of World War I and the impositions made on Germany. Therefore, we are left with the alternative "and" as correct.
Question7
(Mackenzie-1996) Among the causes of the First World War, the Balkan issue stands out, which can be associated with:
a) the formation of new nationalities, such as Yugoslav, under the tutelage of Germany.
b) the colonial disputes in Asia and Africa between France and England.
c) Russian interest in opening up the Bosphorus and Dardanelles, Slav nationalism and Austrian fear of the formation of Greater Serbia.
d) the disagreements between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and England linked to the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina.
e) the assassination of Crown Prince Francisco Ferdinando, and the outstanding issues related to the Treaty of Brest-Litowsky and the dismemberment of Austria-Hungary.
Correct alternative: c) the Russian interest in opening up the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles, to Slavic nationalism and to the Austrian fear of the formation of Greater Serbia.
Nationalism and the support of the great powers for the smallest countries in Europe created a complex game of alliances that could be broken at the slightest problem.
a) WRONG. Yugoslav nationality did not exist, as the country of Yugoslavia would only be created after the First War.
b) WRONG. Colonial disputes involved France, England and Germany.
d) WRONG. England did not interfere in the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
e) WRONG. The Brest-Litowsky treaty was signed in 1917 and the dismemberment of Austria-Hungary took place after the war.
Question8
(PUC-Campinas) The First World War, which weakened Europe in population and economic importance:
a) led to the creation of the Pan-Germanic League in charge of carrying out the "Anschluss".
b) contributed to the implementation of the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, signed between William II and Nicolas II.
c) contributed to the formation within Serbia of secret societies such as the Black Hand founded in 1921.
d) contributed to the creation of a favorable climate for the acceptance of the principles of utopian socialism.
e) it brought about the diffusion of ideas that pointed to the contradictions of liberalism.
Correct alternative: e) led to the spread of ideas that pointed to the contradictions of liberalism.
This is a good question to test your knowledge of historical facts, as the first four alternatives contain facts that never occurred or happened in years other than those mentioned. In this way, the letter "e" alludes to fascism and socialism that spread across the European continent after the conflict.
Question 9
(PUC-RS) Among the immediate political-economic developments in the international order produced by the First World War (1914-1918), it is correct to point out:
a) the end of France's customs privileges in trade with Germany.
b) the emergence of the United Nations, through the Treaty of Sevres.
c) the creation of Yugoslavia, as a result of political issues in the Balkans.
d) the annexation of Palestine, Syria and Iraq to the Ottoman Empire.
e) the incorporation of Hungary and Czechoslovakia into Austrian domains.
Correct alternative: c) the creation of Yugoslavia, as a result of political issues in the Balkans.
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was an attempt, albeit artificial, to hold the Balkan nations together. The letter "c" is the only answer in which correct facts appear.
a) WRONG. There were no customs privileges between these countries and so they could not have ended.
b) WRONG. The United Nations will only emerge in the 1940s.
d) WRONG. The Ottoman Empire ended after World War I and these territories were not incorporated.
e) WRONG. The Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved after the conflict and these regions became independent countries.
question 10
(Mackenzie) At the end of World War I, the winning powers held Germany responsible by war and a punitive treaty was imposed on him, the Treaty of Versailles, which had the following consequences:
a) degradation of liberal and democratic ideals, leftist political unrest - such as the Spartacist movement - economic crisis and unemployment.
b) weakening of national sentiments, militarization of the German state, economic recovery and incorporation of Gdansk.
c) annexation of the colonies of Togo and Cameroon, the affirmation of liberal and democratic ideals and the valorization of the German mark.
d) economic prosperity, German rearmament, dismemberment of Germany and strengthening of liberal parties.
e) emergence of the German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany, strengthening of Nazism, militarism and reduction of unemployment.
Correct alternative: a) degradation of liberal and democratic ideals, leftist political unrest - such as the Spartacist movement - economic crisis and unemployment.
Germany went through a period of economic and social crisis when it saw itself responsible for the conflict. The only alternative that comes close to this answer is the letter "e", but the country would only be divided after World War II.
b) WRONG. After World War I, Germany saw its military forces being limited and succumbed to a deep economic crisis.
c) WRONG. Germany lost all its colonies in Africa and its currency was devalued.
d) WRONG. The exact opposite of what was written occurred.
e) WRONG. The German Democratic Republic and the German Federal Republic emerged after World War II.
question 11
Regarding Brazil's role in World War I, it is correct to state that:
a) Participated in decisive naval battles that directly influenced the outcome of the war, giving victory to the Triple Entente.
b) It was limited to supplying agricultural supplies to the countries of the Triple Alliance.
c) The Brazilian government participated in patrol missions as well as sending nurses and doctors to help the Triple Entente.
d) It joined Germany's side and in exchange, this country financed Brazilian industrialization.
Correct alternative: c) The Brazilian government participated in patrol missions as well as sending nurses and doctors to help the Triple Entente.
Brazil entered the war on November 16, 1917, after the Germans sank Brazilian ships. In May 1918, Brazil sends airmen who would participate in reconnaissance missions, nurses, doctors and ships that would patrol the waters of the Atlantic.
a) WRONG. Brazil only entered the war last year and did not participate in decisive battles
b) WRONG. The Country helped the Triple Entente and not the Triple Alliance.
d) WRONG. Brazil did not join Germany's side in the war, as this country had sunk Brazilian merchant ships.
question 12
World War I was characterized by the use of various deadly technologies on the battlefield. Among which we can highlight:
a) chemical weapons
b) the repeating rifle
c) the warships
d) hand grenade
Correct alternative: a) chemical weapons
Chemical weapons - especially gases - were used on European soil for the first time in this conflict. The other weapons mentioned in the other alternatives already existed before this war.
b) WRONG. The repeating rifle was invented in the second half of the 20th century. XIX.
c) WRONG. Ships have been employed in warfare since time immemorial.
d) WRONG. Perhaps the most confusing alternative, as the grenade was developed in 1915, in the midst of conflict. However, in ancient China this weaponry was already used in disputes.
question 13
The conflict of 1914-1918 left the following countries in opposing camps:
a) Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire and France against England, Russia and the United States.
b) Germany, Russian Empire and Italy against England, Austro-Hungarian Empire and United States.
c) Germany, Italy and Austro-Hungarian Empire against England, Russia and France.
d) Germany, Italy and the Turkish-Ottoman Empire against England, Russia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Correct alternative: c) Germany, Italy and Austro-Hungarian Empire against England, Russia and France.
In World War I, the world was divided into two blocks:
Triple Alliance - Germany, Italy and Austro-Hungarian Empire (later the Turkish-Ottoman Empire would enter here).
Triple Entente - England, Russia and France (in 1917, the United States would join these countries).
question 14
Look carefully at the table below:
The painting represents one of the European artistic vanguards, Futurism, which emerged on the continent in the first half of the 20th century. The work of Russian painter Natália Goncharova, made before the First World War, summarizes a period of optimism, as:
a) exalts rural life over urban life
b) portrays the speed and dynamism in an urban space.
c) idealizes the human figure and the landscape.
d) contains spirituality and social concern.
Correct alternative: b) speed, dynamism and vivid colors.
Futurism and various avant-garde currents extolled speed, machines and big cities in unbridled optimism before the conflict began in 1914.
a) WRONG. The painting does not exalt country life, as it is located in the city.
c) WRONG. The human figure is not ideally shown, even though it is not real. In any case, the "idealization" of the human figure is not a characteristic of the European avant-gardes.
d) WRONG. The picture does not portray either religiosity or social concern for the cyclist.
question 15
One of the largest countries in the world, it was also one of the poorest and most undemocratic, and the government of Nicholas II was unable to contain civil revolts. What is the relationship between World War I and the political events that took place in Russia between February and October 1917?
a) no relationship, as Russia was neutral during the conflict.
b) during the conflict, the Russians conquered several territories, encouraging the revolutionaries to seize power through the 1917 revolutions.
c) the Russian army lost at the front and several officers began to conspire against the government, giving rise to the 1917 revolutions.
d) pressure from Western countries made Russia depose the monarchical government and replace it with a socialist republic.
Correct alternative: c) the Russian army lost at the front and several officers began to conspire against the government, giving rise to the 1917 revolutions.
The Russian army was devastated in relation to other European armies and collected several defeats on the battlefield. This caused several soldiers to desert and generals to plan to overthrow the government along with the revolutionaries.
a) WRONG: Russia participated in the war with the Triple Alliance.
b) WRONG. As the Russians only lost, they did not conquer any territory. The 1917 revolutions were against the war and called for Russia's withdrawal from it.
d) WRONG. Western countries did not pressure the Russians to make a revolution against the monarchical government, as they were against a government with socialist characteristics.
We have more texts on the subject for you:
- Movies about the First World War