Citizenship is a hotly debated topic in exams, projects and activities. It is a term that takes on many meanings, relating citizen participation in society, their rights and duties.
To develop this theme, our experts prepared exercises to test your knowledge with questions about citizenship and human rights with feedback.
question 1
Citizenship is a concept that has different meanings, in general, related to subject-citizen participation within society and the relationship with their rights and duties.
Check the alternative that best expresses the idea of citizenship:
a) the way the individual finds to hold the State responsible for his condition.
b) the conjunction of political, civil and social rights.
c) the citizen's right to act freely in society.
d) a perspective that takes the individual as responsible only for his/her own life.
Correct alternative: b) the conjunction of political, civil and social rights.
Citizenship is the set of a series of rights and duties of citizens:
- Political rights, related to the right to vote and political participation.
- Civil rights, linked to freedom (of expression, coming and going, worship and other individual freedoms), non-discrimination (race, ethnicity, gender, sexualities, etc.) and security.
- Social rights, linked to equality, equity and the guarantee of basic rights for the dignity of human life.
question 2
What is conventionally called citizenship consists of the result of three fundamental aspects: political citizenship (guarantee of rights and political participation), civil citizenship (rights relating to individual freedoms) and The:
a) liberal citizenship (property rights)
b) social citizenship (rights related to the guarantee of a decent life)
c) legal citizenship (guarantee of equality before justice)
d) entrepreneurial citizenship (guarantee of rights to work on their own)
Correct alternative: b) social citizenship (rights related to the guarantee of a decent life)
Social rights form a more fundamental spectrum to life in its relation to citizenship. It refers to work, education, health, food and other rights related to the dignity of human life.
question 3
In relation specifically to civil rights, tick the correct alternative:
a) Civil rights aim to guarantee free movement, freedom of expression, opinion, ideological, belief and other individual freedoms.
b) Civil rights are a form of social control, preventing citizens from acting freely.
c) Civil rights are related to voting and political participation.
d) Civil rights are based on the defense of human dignity, food security and access to elements necessary for subsistence.
Correct alternative: a) Civil rights aim to guarantee free movement, freedom of expression, opinion, ideological, creed and other individual freedoms.
Civil rights represent that within a society individuals are guaranteed the right to freedom and self-determination. In complying with the law, they are free to act, be and be in society as they see fit.
question 4
Citizenship does not have its limits previously defined, it is in constant construction and expansion. Throughout history, the understanding of rights has undergone major transformations.
For the debate and the expansion of rights, it was extremely important:
a) the development of the absolutist power that defined the limits of the rights of its citizens.
b) obedience to established norms, without questioning.
c) the role of social and class movements.
d) the centrality of elections, as it is the only way to debate and create rights.
Correct alternative: c) the role of social and class movements.
History shows that a good part of the rights acquired by citizens are the result of the struggle of social and class movements.
The right to vote of women conquered by the English suffragists that influenced other movements in several countries, and the fight for civil rights mobilized by the black movement in the United States are some examples.
question 5
“Citizenship expresses a set of rights that give people the possibility to actively participate in the life and government of their people. Those who do not have citizenship are marginalized or excluded from social life and decision-making, remaining in a position of inferiority within the social group”.
(DALLARI, Human Rights and Citizenship. São Paulo: Modern, 1998. p.14)
In what ways could a person have impeded their right to political citizenship?
a) Exercising their right to freedom of expression.
b) Through voting or participating in unions and social movements.
c) Not being affiliated with a political party.
d) Not having guaranteed political rights or the necessary means for effective participation.
Correct alternative: d) Not having guaranteed political rights or the necessary means for effective participation.
Political citizenship needs the right to political participation to be safeguarded. Whether in elections or in political organizations, political rights must be protected.
question 6
In Brazil, the fight against poverty and hunger is a commitment to guarantee the citizenship of the population. This relationship between living conditions and citizenship is because:
a) poverty is a natural fact for individuals who do not fit into the labor market.
b) poverty and hunger are not the responsibilities of governments and are not related to citizenship.
c) citizenship is used as a tool for social stratification and production of inequalities.
d) poverty and hunger prevent citizens from being guaranteed the right to a decent life and affect their participation in society.
Correct alternative: d) poverty and hunger prevent citizens from being guaranteed the right to a decent life and affect their participation in society.
It is part of citizenship, the guarantees for a dignified life. The right to food, for example, is part of social citizenship. It is in this sense that income distribution programs such as Bolsa Família are created with the aim of guaranteeing these rights provided for in the Constitution.
question 7
Human rights are fundamental for the development of citizenship because they aim to guarantee:
a) for the most favored social strata, a stable and secure environment.
b) the right to life, liberty, work and education; without discrimination.
c) that all human beings comply with established laws.
d) that those who commit crimes are protected by the State.
Correct alternative: b) the right to life, liberty, work and education; without discrimination.
Citizenship, human rights and democracy are closely related and form the pillars for the development of a just and egalitarian society.
Without the guarantee of human rights, citizenship becomes fragile and can be made impossible.
question 8
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights published by the UN (United Nations) in 1948 aims to:
a) define which individuals are deserving of human rights.
b) guarantee the equality of rights among all individuals and prevent injustice, persecution and guarantee the value and dignity of human life.
c) protect criminals, preventing justice from punishing them more severely.
d) adjust the administration of different countries to a single, global model.
Correct alternative: b) guarantee the equality of rights among all individuals and prevent injustice, persecution and guarantee the value and dignity of human life.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was published after World War II in response to Nazi persecution. Thus, human dignity must be preserved as a fundamental right.
question 9
(Enem/2019) The creation of the Unified Health System (SUS) as a policy for all constitutes one of the most important achievements of Brazilian society in the 20th century. The SUS must be valued and defended as a milestone for citizenship and civilizing advancement. Democracy involves a state model in which policies protect citizens and reduce inequalities. The SUS is a guideline that strengthens citizenship and contributes to ensuring the exercise of rights, political pluralism and well-being as values of a fraternal, pluralistic and unprejudiced society, as provided for in the Federal Constitution of 1988.
RIZZOTO, M. L. F. et al. Social justice, democracy with social rights and health: the Cebes struggle. Revista Saúde em Debate, n. 116, Jan.-Mar. 2018 (adapted)
According to the text, two characteristics of the concept of public policy analyzed are:
a) Paternalism and philanthropy.
b) Liberalism and meritocracy.
c) Universalism and egalitarianism.
d) Nationalism and individualism.
e) Revolutionaryism and co-participation.
Correct alternative: c) Universalism and egalitarianism.
In the text, the conception of the SUS as a fundamental public policy for the development of citizenship.
This thought relates the guarantee of universal access to health with a perspective that aims to reduce the vulnerability of the underprivileged classes, sustaining a better quality of life and providing full development of citizenship.
If access to health were not guaranteed, all forms of citizenship would be compromised.
question 10
(UFGD - 2014)
On October 5, 1988, the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil was promulgated, and its promulgation marked the state of redemocratization in Brazil.
Analyzing the cartoon above, by Miguel Paiva, about the Brazilian Constitution, it is considered that:
a) In the 1988 Constitution, the entire population gained housing, food and health.
b) The 1988 Constitution undoubtedly represented a great advance in Brazilian politics. However, there is still a huge gap between what the law says and what a large part of the population lives in practice.
c) The 1988 Constitution helped in the annihilation of hunger and poverty in the country, thus, entered the history of Brazil as a politically and socially advanced law.
d) The 1988 Constitution needs to be revised, as the constitutional text presented is not suitable for the guidelines of Brazilian society.
e) Housing, education and food are central issues in the 1988 Constitution, which is why they must be viewed more effectively by Brazilian politicians.
Correct alternative: b) The Constitution of 1988 represented, without a doubt, a great advance in Brazilian politics. However, there is still a huge gap between what the law says and what a large part of the population lives in practice.
The Federal Constitution provides for the rights to which the population must have access, but the effectiveness of these rights is still a challenge for governments.
Thus, the criticism made by the cartoon refers to a portion of the population that has some basic rights provided for in the Constitution are denied and stop these social groups these rights are like a fiction, far from the reality.
See too:
- Citizenship
- Human rights
- Human Rights and Citizenship
- Sociology in Enem: what to study
- questions about socialism
- Questions about social movements
- Exercises on cultural industry and mass culture