Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in abundance in nature.
Chitin is made up of a long chain of N-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose. Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides, belonging to the group of carbohydrates.
The chitin structure was discovered in 1929 by Albert Hofmann. The molecular formula of chitin is (C8H13O5N)no.
Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature. The first is cellulose, found in the cell wall of vegetables.
Chitin and cellulose have a very similar chemical structure. The chemical structure of chitin is differentiated by the acetamide group, located at carbon 2. In cellulose, at this position there is a hydroxyl group.
It is also important not to confuse chitin with keratin, which have similar functions. However, keratin is a protein and chitin is a carbohydrate. Keratin is synthesized by the body and acts in the formation of body structures such as nails, hair, hooves, beaks and scales.
Where can chitin be found?
In nature, chitin is found in the cell wall of fungi and in the exoskeleton of arthropods.
The exoskeleton is the "external skeleton" of arthropods, it protects the internal organs, supports the body and prevents water loss. In addition to chitin, the exoskeleton also contains calcium carbonate, proteins, lipids and pigments.
During the animal's life, the exoskeleton can be changed several times.
Insect performing exoskeleton exchange
Learn more about polysaccharides.
Kitchen Functions
In nature, the functions of chitin are related to the formation of structures and protection.
Chitin offers protection, support and support to the body of insects, through the exoskeleton. In the case of fungi, chitin is part of the cell wall that provides rigidity to the cells. Furthermore, chitin also prevents water loss.
Currently, chitin also has potential for biotechnological use as it is a non-allergenic and biodegradable substance. Learn about some of its main uses:
- It can be transformed into fibers for fabrication and surgical sutures;
- Substitute potential for plastic packaging;
- Used as a food additive, it can reduce calorie and cholesterol intake.
Read too:
- Cellulose
- Carbohydrates or carbohydrates: what are they?
- Function and classification of carbohydrates
