Brucellosis is an infection caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. This disease is also known as “Malta Fever”, “Gibraltar Fever” and “Mediterranean Fever”.
The main bacteria that cause brucellosis are: Brucella abortus, B. south, B. melitensis and B. cannis.
Brucellosis is a worldwide disease.
Streaming
Brucellosis is a zoonosis, a disease of animals that can affect humans. It can be transmitted to humans through contact with animals (cattle, dogs, pigs) infected with bacteria.
The main forms of transmission are:
- Direct contact with secretions, urine, placenta and fluids;
- Consumption of contaminated meat;
- Ingestion of foods derived from unpasteurized milk.
The greatest risk of contamination is for professionals who deal directly with animals, such as ranchers, veterinarians, dairy producers and farmers.
Human-to-human transmission is rare. When it occurs, it is transmitted during pregnancy or through breastfeeding and sexual intercourse.
Symptoms
In humans, brucellosis presents in the chronic and acute phases, each with different symptoms.
In the acute form, the symptoms are as follows:
- Fever
- Sweating and Chills
- Severe headache
- Muscle pain, especially in the back and abdomen
- Fatigue
In the chronic form, the symptoms, although similar, are more intense:
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Lack of appetite
- emotional instability
- Memory changes
Treatment and Prevention
Brucellosis is curable. However, there is no vaccine against human brucellosis.
Brucellosis treatment consists of a combination of antibiotics.
The prevention of brucellosis in humans depends on controlling or eradicating the disease in animals. It is also important to care for hygiene and the use of protective equipment for contact with animals.
Bovine Brucellosis
In Brazil, bovine brucellosis is present in all states. Cattle can be vaccinated against the disease.
When it affects cattle, the bacteria they are located in Organs reproductive organs and cause sterility and abortion. Bacteria can be found in milk, urine and aborted fetuses.
Learn more about Diseases Caused by Bacteria.
