Make sure you know everything about figures of speech. Do the exercises and, at the end, check the comments we made in each of the answers.
question 1
What figure of speech is present in this dialogue between mother and child:
“I'm not satisfied with your grades, son.
“I know, Mom. I'm not good at these subjects.
The present figure is Litote, which is used to soften the speech. Similar to Euphemism, Litote mitigates the idea through a denial.
So instead of the mother saying she was upset or disappointed, she said that no she was satisfied. In turn, instead of the son saying he is bad at the classes, she says that no it's good at them.
Remembering that in Euphemism, the speech is softened, but without resorting to denial. Example: He gave his soul to God (instead of saying: He died).
question 2
Indicate the alternatives that present the personification figure of speech, also called prosopopeia.
a) the stones humiliate
b) confetti celebrate
c) diaries tell secrets
d) the glasses celebrate the joys
e) the forest cries out for mercy
All alternatives, because in all of them human actions (humiliate, celebrate, count, celebrate, cry) are attributed to irrational beings (stones, confetti, diaries, glasses, forest).
question 3
Identify the figures of speech in the sentences below:
a) The Velho Chico occupies about 8% of the Brazilian territory.
b) That thum-thum of his heart increased each time he approached the suitor.
c) "It rains rain, it rains nonstop." (Jorge Ben Jor)
d) You deceived me only once.
e) I am a bird with a desire to fly.
a) Antonomasia, because “Velho Chico” replaces the name of the São Francisco River.
b) Onomatopoeia, because “thum-thum mimics the heartbeat.
c) Alliteration, because there is a repetition of the “ch” consonant sound.
d) Pleonasm, because the idea of the first person (me, me) to intensify the meaning of prayer.
e) Metaphor, because it compares me to a bird because of my desire to fly.
question 4
Indicate the correct alternative.
a) Antithesis and paradox are two names for the same figure of speech, which uses opposite ideas.
b) Alliteration, paronomasia, assonance and onomatopoeia are syntax figures.
c) Speech figures are classified into: word figures, thought figures, morphological figures and sound figures.
d) Alliteration is the repetition of vowel sounds.
e) This is an example of metonymy: “It looks like we have a Pavarotti”.
Alternative e: This is an example of metonymy: “It looks like we have a Pavarotti at home”.
Metonymy is the word picture that substitutes one word for another. Thus, “Pavarotti” replaces the artist with “lyric singer”. The prayer could be written like this: "Looks like we have an opera singer at home."
Some examples of metonymy:
- part by whole: To this day it doesn't have its own roof (instead of saying “To this day it doesn't have its own house);
- author for the work: Li Camões (instead of saying “I read the works written by Camões”);
- brand by product: I need to buy Maizena (instead of saying “I need to buy cornstarch”).
As for the remaining alternatives:
a) Antithesis and Paradox are different figures of speech. While the antithesis uses terms with opposite meanings (They maintain a love-hate relationship), the paradox presents ideas - not just terms - with opposite meanings (“I'm already full of feeling empty.”, Renato Russian)
b) Alliteration, paronomasia, assonance and onomatopoeia are figures of sound or harmony (and not figures of syntax).
c) Speech figures are classified into: word pictures, thought pictures, syntax pictures and sound pictures. There are no morphological figures.
d) Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds. The figure of speech that consists of the repetition of vowel sounds is the Assonance.
question 5
What syntax figures were used in the sentences below?
a) Everything he said I have already done.
b) I like the countryside, he like the beach.
c) In memory, beautiful childhood memories.
d) Did and redid, read and reread and considered the work completed.
e) I want to go out, I want to walk, I want to see people, I want to dance!
a) Hyperbato, because there is a change in the direct order of prayer. The direct order would be: I've already done everything he says.
b) Zeugma, because it omits the word “like” to avoid repetition.
c) Ellipse, because it omits a word that is easily identified: In memory, (had) beautiful childhood memories.
d) Polysyndeton, because it uses the connective “e” repeatedly.
e) Anaphora, because the prayer has regular repetitions; in this case, “I want”.
question 6
Which of the clauses below has a periphrase, also called antonomasia?
a) it Get out now!
b) Was saved by man's best friend.
c) “It's the stick, it's the stone, it's the end of the road” (Tom Jobim)
d) Wrote, didn't read; the stick ate it.
e) I couldn't stand that boo-boo in my ears anymore.
Alternative b: he was saved by man's best friend.
Antonomasia, also called Períphrasis, is the figure of a word that replaces a word with another (s) that identify it. In this case, “man's best friend” replaces the word “dog”.
The figures of speech present in the remaining alternatives are:
a) Pleonasm;
c) Anaphora;
d) Assonance;
e) Onomatopoeia.
question 7
Indicate which alternatives metaphors were used and which comparisons were used.
a) He is simply a Greek god.
b) He is handsome like a Greek god.
c) Your words are sweet from my childhood.
d) Act like an ass!
e) That man is an ass.
The alternatives in which metaphors appear are:
a) He is simply a Greek god.
c) Your words are sweet from my childhood.
e) That man is an ass.
The alternatives for comparisons are:
b) He is handsome like a Greek god.
d) Act like an ass!
Metaphor and Comparison are figures of speech that contain comparisons. The difference between the two is that the Comparison is explicit, because in it comparison connectives are used (as, thus), as we have seen in the clauses of the alternatives above.
question 8
What figure of speech is present in the prayers below?
1. Invite him to leave, please.
2. The witness broke the truth.
The present figure is the Euphemism, which is used to soften the speech. Thus,
1. “inviting someone to leave” is a gentler way of sending someone away.
2. “failing the truth” is a milder way of saying that you lied.
question 9
Examples of catachresis are:
a) pin head, oil thread, body of the text.
b) cold eyes, sadness of smell, sweet breeze.
c) lung of the world, wonderful city, black gold.
d) the cloud cries, the night celebrates, cruel life.
e) The rider, very gentleman, helped the girl off the horse.
Alternative to: pin head, oil thread, body text.
Catachresis is the figure of a word in which an inappropriate word is used in the absence of a specific one. Thus: the pin has no head, there cannot be a concrete thread of oil, just as a text has no body. However, these expressions are known and facilitate our communication.
The remaining alternatives are examples of:
b) Synesthesia;
c) Periphrase;
d) Personification;
e) Paronomasia.
question 10
What figure of speech is present in the prayer below?
"The clock on the wall I'm used to it, but you need a clock more than I do." (Rubem Braga).
Anacoluto, because this figure of speech is characterized by the fact that it uses sudden changes in sentence structures.
It is a resource widely used in literature, in order to emphasize the message. But it is also recurrent in oral language, when the speaker suddenly changes his train of thought.
question 11
(UFPB)
I. "At the cost of a lot of work, a lot of effort, and above all a lot of patience..."
II. "... if you wanted him to be serious, he would burst out laughing..."
III. "... it seems that a hidden spring was driving him..."
IV. "... and this. .. resulted in the most refined bad breeding imaginable."
As for the figures of speech, there are in them, respectively,
a) gradation, antithesis, comparison and hyperbole
b) hyperbole, paradox, metaphor and gradation
c) hyperbole, antithesis, comparison and paradox
d) gradation, antithesis, metaphor and hyperbole
e) gradation, paradox, comparison and hyperbole
Alternative d: gradation, antithesis, metaphor and hyperbole.
Gradation, because the ideas are presented in a progressive way “a lot of work, a lot of effort, a lot of patience”;
Antithesis, because it uses terms with opposite meanings "... that he was serious, he would burst out laughing...”;
Metaphor, because it makes a comparison without using a comparison connective - like, just like that - “it looked like a hidden spring”;
Hyperbole, because it intentionally exaggerates “the finest bad creation”.
question 12
(UFF)
TEXT
There is no death. The meeting of two expansions, or the expansion of two forms, can determine the suppression of two forms, it can determine the suppression of one of them; but, strictly speaking, there is no death, there is life, because the suppression of the one is the condition for the survival of the other, and destruction does not reach the universal and common principle. Hence the conservative and beneficial character of the war.
Suppose you a field of potatoes and two hungry tribes. Potatoes only come to feed one of the tribes, which thus acquires the strength to cross the mountain and go to the other side, where there are plenty of potatoes; but if the two tribes share the potatoes of the field peacefully, they do not get enough nourishment and starve to death.
Peace, in this case, is destruction; war is conservation. One of the tribes exterminates the other and collects the spoils. Hence the joy of victory, the hymns, acclamations, public rewards and all the other effects of warlike actions.
If the war were not for that, such demonstrations would not happen, for the real reason that man only celebrates and loves the that it is pleasurable or advantageous, and for the rational reason that no person canonizes an action that virtually destroys. To the defeated, hate or compassion; to the winner, the potatoes.
(ASSIS, Machado Br. Quincas Borba. Rio de Janeiro, Civilização Brasileira/INL, 1976.)
Mark one of the alternatives below, the one in which the use of the comma marks the suppression (ellipse) of the verb:
a) To the vanquished, hate or compassion, to the victor, potatoes.
b) Peace, in this case, is destruction (…)
c) Hence the joy of victory, hymns, acclamations, public rewards and all other effects of warlike actions.
d) (...) but, strictly speaking, there is no death (...)
e) If the war were not for that, such demonstrations would not have taken place (…)
Alternative to: To the loser, hate or compassion, to the winner, potatoes.
In the sentence above it is possible to easily identify the omission of something like “be given/be given”. Thus, the complete sentence, that is, without the use of the ellipse figure of speech, would be: “To the defeated, be given hatred or compassion, to the winner, be given the potatoes.”.
question 13
(UFPA)
weaving the morning
A rooster alone does not weave a morning:
he will always need other cocks.
From one who catches the cry that a cock before
and throw it to another; and other roosters
that with many other roosters to cross
the strands of sunshine from your rooster cries,
so that the morning, from a thin web,
go weaving, among all the roosters.
And becoming a part of the screen, among all,
rising tent, where all enter,
entertaining for everyone, on the awning
(the morning) that soars free of frame.
The morning, an awning of such airy fabric
that, fabric, rises by itself: balloon light.
(MELO, João Cabral de. In: Complete Poetry. Rio de Janeiro, José Olympio, 1979)
in verses
"And becoming a part of the screen, among all,
rising tent, where all enter,
entertaining for everyone, on the awning…”
there is an example of
a) euphemism
b) antithesis
c) alliteration
d) silepsis
e) synesthesia
Alternative c: alliteration.
Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds, as seen in the above verses where the “t” sound is repeated - screen, all; tent, everyone; all, awning.
question 14
(Fuvest) The catachresis, a figure that can be seen in the phrase “He rode the horse on the wild donkey”, occurs in:
a) Times have changed, in the slow speed of time.
b) Last flower of Lazio, uncultivated and beautiful, you are both splendor and grave.
c) Hastily, everyone boarded the train.
d) O salty sea, how much of your salt is the tears of Portugal.
e) It's dawn, the light has a smell.
Alternative c: Hastily, everyone boarded the train.
“To board” is a word that derives from boat, and means to enter the boat, but in the absence of specific terms for them, it is also used for other means of transport. This is the function that characterizes catachresis, that is, using a word because there is no other more specific.
question 15
(FEI) Indicate the correct alternative, in relation to the figures of speech, present in the following fragments:
I. "Don't forget that ardent love that you already saw in my eyes so pure."
II. “Morality legislates for man; the right, for the citizen.”
III. “Most agreed on the essentials; in the details, however, they disagreed."
IV. "Isaac twenty paces away, spotting the outline of one, stops, raises his hand in a visor, steadies his eyes."
a) anacoluto, hyperbate, hypalage, pleonasm
b) hyperbate, zeugma, silepsis, asyndeton
c) anaphora, polysyndeton, ellipse, hyperbate
d) pleonasm, anacoluto, catachresis, euphemism
e) hypalage, silepsis, polysyndeton, zeugma
Alternative b: hyperbate, zeugma, silepsis, asyndeton.
Hyperbate, because the order of prayer is altered. The direct order would be: “... that you have seen in my eyes so pure.” ("you have seen it in my eyes" instead of "you have seen it in my eyes");
Zeugma, because the word “legisla” was omitted to avoid repetition: “Morality legislates for man; the right (legisla) for the citizen.”;
Silepsis, because the verb “disagree” is not agreeing with the word “majority” (as in the first sentence “The majority agreed...”), but with the idea that the word “majority” brings from several people, that is: “the majority disagreed on the details” (the implicit idea is “(people) disagreed on the details details");
Asyndeton, because no connectors were used. With connectives, the prayer could look like this: “Isaac at twenty paces, spotting the bulk of one, then, stops, raises the hand in visor and steady your eyes.”
question 16
(USF) Read these verses:
"The bitter waves
They put their heads against the stones on the pier.
Even the waves have
A stone to rest your head on.
I actually own
All the stones in the world,
But I don't rest”.
(Murilo Mendes)
The figure of speech that occurs in verses 5 and 6 is:
a) metaphor
b) synecdoche
c) hyperbole
d) alliteration
e) anaphora
Alternative c: hyperbole.
Hyperbole is a figure of thought that presents an intentional exaggeration of the author to emphasize expressions. We observe the presence of the intensified idea in “all the stones in the world”, because it is an exaggeration for someone to say that there are all these stones.
question 17
(Vunesp ) In the sentence: "People are exaggerating, a street vendor told me yesterday", we find the figure of speech called:
a) person silepsis
b) ellipse
c) anacolutton
d) hyperbole
e) number silence
Alternative e: number silence.
In the sentence above, the verb "to be" agrees with the idea of number of people that the word "staff" conveys: "The staff is overreacting" rather than "The staff is overreacting."
question 18
(UFU) Each sentence below has a figure of speech. Check the one that is not correctly classified:
a) The sky turns purple and the city slowly agonizes. (prosopopoeia)
b) "And he laughed loosely, a joyless laugh." (pleonasm)
c) I apologize for what happened. (metaphor)
d) "All life is woven from a thousand deaths." (antithesis)
e) He gave his soul to God today. (euphemism)
Alternative c: I apologize profusely for what happened. (metaphor).
The alternative is incorrect, because the metaphor represents a comparison, something that is not present in the sentence above.
The stylistic resource used is hyperbole, which is identified in the expression “a thousand excuses”, which is an exaggeration to explain how much someone feels about what happened and wants to apologize.
question 19
(Vunesp) In the excerpt: “…they find a way to change the minimum to keep sending the maximum”, the present figure of speech is called:
a) metaphor
b) hyperbole
c) hyperbatic
d) anaphora
e) antithesis
Alternative e: antithesis.
The presence of terms with opposite meanings, in this case “minimum and maximum”, is the hallmark of the antithesis.
question 20
(Fatec) "His glasses were imperious." Check the alternative in which the same figure of speech as in the sentence above appears:
a) "Cities were appearing on the bridge of names."
b) "I was born in the 3rd grade classroom."
c) "The tram passes full of legs."
d) "My love, paralyzed, jumps."
e) "I will not be the poet of a defunct world."
Alternative c: "The tram passes by full of legs.".
The figure of speech present in “imperious glasses” and “tram full of legs” is the prosopopeia or personification, since in both cases human qualities are attributed to irrational beings.
question 21
(And either)
Big city
How beautiful, Montes Claros.
How Montes Claros grew.
How much industry in Montes Claros.
Montes Claros grew so much,
it became so notorious,
prima rica from Rio de Janeiro,
which already has five favelas
for now, and more promises.
(Carlos Drummond de Andrade)
Among the expressive resources used in the text, the
a) metalanguage, which consists in making language refer to language itself.
b) intertextuality, in which the text takes up and reworks other texts.
c) irony, which consists in saying the opposite of what is thought, with critical intent.
d) denotation, characterized by the use of words in their proper and objective sense.
e) prosopopeia, which consists in personifying inanimate things, giving them life.
Alternative c) irony, which consists in saying the opposite of what one thinks, with critical intent.
Irony is a figure of thought in which the opposite of what is thought is expressed. Thus, Drummond uses this stylistic resource in order to criticize the development of the Minas Gerais city Montes Claros.
question 22
(UFSC) Read the proverbs (items A and B) and the quote (item C) below.
THE. "The word is silver, the silence is gold."
B. "Sages do not say what they know, fools do not know what they say."
Ç. "There are things that best say silent." (Machado de Assis)
Based on the above reading, mark the CORRECT proposition(s).
1. In each of the proverbs there is a syntactic parallelism, which helps to give rhythm to the proverb and favors its memorization.
2. In proverb (A) two metaphors occur.
4. In proverb (B) the sentences “what they know” and “what they say” function as adjectives that characterize, respectively, the wise and the foolish.
8. Both item A and item C function as compliments to discretion.
16. Machado de Assis' sentence contains a pleonasm, because it is an exaggeration to say that one can speak silently.
32. In proverb (B) we have the figure of speech paradox, because it is absurd that sages have to be silent in order for fools to speak.
The correct propositions are:
1. In each of the proverbs there is a syntactic parallelism, which helps to give rhythm to the proverb and favors its memorization. This is what happens in: A) The word is …, silence is …” and B) The wise do not say …, fools do not know …”;
2. In proverb (A) two metaphors occur. Metaphor is present in the comparison between word and silence with silver and gold, respectively;
8. Both item A and item C function as compliments to discretion. This is what happens in A) when comparing silence with gold, and in C) whose quotation has the meaning that sometimes it is better not to say anything.
question 23
(FAU) On the verses:
"Atomic bomb that lands
astonished dove of peace
Dizzy dove, atomic bomb..."
The repetition of certain phonic elements is a stylistic resource called:
a) hyperbiasm
b) synecdoche
c) metonymy
d) alliteration
e) metaphor
Alternative d: alliteration.
Alliteration is a sound figure whose resource is to repeat consonant sounds, such as b and p that appear in the verses above in “bomba-domba”.
question 24
(Mackenzie) In the verses below, a figure rises thanks to the conflict of two antagonistic views:
"I leave the hotel with four eyes,
- Two of the present,
- Two from the past.”
This figure of speech is called:
a) metonymy
b) catachresis
c) hyperbole
d) antithesis
e) hyperbatic
Alternative d: antithesis.
The antithesis is the stylistic resource that uses terms with opposite meanings to give more emphasis to communication. In this case, the terms “present” and “past” have this intention in the above verses.
question 25
(ITA) In which of the options is there an error in identifying the figures?
a) "One day I will go away / Fall asleep in my last sleep." (euphemism)
b) "The fog, brushing the ground, whispers, in prayer. (prosopopoeia)
c) Night walks in violent Rio de Janeiro are not so frequent. (number silence)
d) "And cold, fluent, dim light / Floats..." (alliteration)
e) "Oh sonorous colored hearing of the aroma." (synesthesia).
Alternative c) Night walks in violent Rio de Janeiro are not so frequent. (number silence).
The figure used in this sentence is silepsis. However, it is not classified correctly, as it is a gender silepsis, in which the word “city” is implied, and for this reason the adjective violent is in the feminine instead of in the masculine:
Night walks in violent Rio de Janeiro are not so frequent.
Night walks in the violent (city) Rio de Janeiro are not so frequent.
question 26
(PUC-SP) In the excerpts: "...not one of the national or nationalized authors from eighty years ago was missing from the major's bookshelves" and "...the essential thing is to find the words that the guitar asks and desires" we find, respectively, the following pictures of language:
a) prosopopeia and hyperbole
b) hyperbole and metonymy
c) periphrase and hyperbole
d) metonymy and euphemism
e) metonymy and prosopopeia.
Alternative e: metonymy and prosopopeia.
Metonymy is a widely used figure when talking about the author instead of referring to his works. This is what happens in prayer "...not one of the national or nationalized authors from eighty years ago was missing in the shelves of the major", which means that the major has the works of these authors, and not that the authors are in his bookcase.
The prosopopeia is a figure of speech in which human qualities are attributed to irrational beings. In "...the essential thing is to find the words that the guitar asks and desires", the human capacity of asking and desiring something is attributed to the guitar.
question 27
(Cesgranrio) In the phrase "The thread of the idea grew, thickened and broke" there is a gradation process. There is no gradation on:
a) The car started up, gained speed and overturned.
b) The plane took off, gained height and fell.
c) The balloon inflated, started to rise and went out.
d) Inspiration came, took hold of his mind and was frustrated.
e) João picked up a book, listened to a record and left.
Alternative e: João picked up a book, listened to a record and left.
In the sentence above, there is no sequence of the same idea that progresses, but different actions connected in the same period.
question 28
(Funcab) Figures of speech are used as stylistic resources to give greater expressive value to language.
In the following excerpt “You are the rain and I am the earth [...]” the figure, called:
a) onomatopoeia
b) hyperbole
c) metaphor
d) catachresis
e) synesthesia
Alternative c: metaphor.
Metaphor is the figure of speech in which words with different meanings are compared. In metaphor, the term comparative is not used explicitly in the sentence, as in the comparison.
Thus, in the prayer “You are the rain and I am the earth [...]”, rain and earth are respectively compared to you and me.
If the figure of speech used was a comparison, the prayer would be: “You are like the rain and i am like the land [...]".
question 29
(Unicamp)
Babylon Hill
at night, from the hill
voices descend that create terror
(urban terror, fifty percent cinema,
and the rest that came from Luanda or got lost in the language
General).
When there was a revolution, the soldiers
spread on the hill,
the barracks caught fire, they didn't come back.
Some, lead, died.
The hill was more enchanted.
But the voices from the hill
they are not exactly dismal.
There's even a finely tuned ukulele
that dominates the noises of stone and foliage
and come down to us, modest and recreational,
as a kindness from the hill.
(Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Sentiment of the world. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2012, p.19.)
In the poem “Morro da Babilônia”, by Carlos Drummond de Andrade,
a) the mention of the city of Rio de Janeiro is made indirectly, metonymically, by the reference to Morro da Babilônia.
b) the feeling of the world is represented by the particular perception of the city of Rio de Janeiro, alluded to by the metaphor of Morro da Babilônia.
c) the treatment given to Morro da Babilônia is similar to that given to a person, which characterizes the style figure called paronomasia.
d) the reference to Morro da Babilônia produces, in the figurative trajectory of the poem, an oxymoron: the relationship between terror and kindness in the urban space.
Alternative to: the mention of the city of Rio de Janeiro is made indirectly, metonymically, by the reference to Morro da Babilônia.
In metonymy, the part for the whole is considered. Thus, we verified in Drummond's poem that “the voices of the hill” refers to the voices of the people who live in the Morro da Babylon and, therefore, to the people who live in Rio de Janeiro, since the hill in reference is located in this City.
question 30
(Insper)
WATER PUDDLES
Puddles are a magical world
a broken sky on the ground
Where instead of sad stars
The neon gas signs glow.
(Mario Quintana, Travel arrangements, São Paulo, Globo, 1994.)
Taking into account the text as a whole, it is correct to state that the metaphor present in the first verse is justified because the puddles
a) stimulate the imagination.
b) allow you to see the stars.
c) are lit by Neon.
d) oppose the sadness of the stars.
e) reveal reality as mirrors.
Alternative to: stimulate the imagination.
The metaphor was the stylistic device used to emphasize the beauty of the verses. Comparing water puddles with a magical world makes people imagine what they want to see from the reflection of a water puddle.
question 31
(IFPE) Answer the question based on the strip below.
The humor of the comic was verified, above all, by the character Chico Bento's lack of understanding of the figure of speech used by his interlocutor. This figure of speech is called
a) anaphora
b) metonymy
c) periphrase
d) hyperbole
e) alliteration
Alternative b: metonymy.
“Cabeça de gado” is an expression that takes the part - in this case, the head - as the whole animal, which is a meaning that the character Chico Bento does not know.
It is precisely this feature that characterizes the metonymic figure of speech, that is, referring to a part with the meaning of the whole.
question 32
(UERJ)
The girlfriend
There was a high wall between our houses.
1Hard to send a message to her.
There was no email.
2Her father was a jaguar.
We tied the note to a stone held by
a cord
And painted the stone in her backyard.
If the girlfriend answered for the same stone
It was a glory!
But sometimes the ticket got caught in the branches of the
guava tree
And then it was agony.
In the jaguar's time it was like that.
(Manoel de Barros
Complete poetry. São Paulo: Leya, 2010.)
The father was a jaguar (ref. 2). In this verse, the word jaguar is used in a sense that is defined as:
a) emphatic
b) antithetical
c) metaphorical
d) metonymic
Alternative c: metaphorical.
The boy compared his girlfriend's father to a jaguar to express how angry he was "The father was a jaguar." and “In the time of the jaguar it was like that.”.
The metaphor consists of comparing terms with different meanings (father - human with jaguar - animal).
In addition, the metaphor does not use a comparison term (as, like this): The father was like one ounce.
Question 33
(FGV) Check the alternative that indicates the correct sequence of the figures found in the sentences below.
The good guy sought, at the end of the day, to negotiate with drug dealers.
That day, the president gave his soul to God.
The workers in that mine suffered from the cold in July and the heat in December.
The population of this neighborhood is at great risk of being buried by this mountain of garbage.
The snow invited tourists who, fearful, looked at it from afar.
a) Irony, euphemism, antithesis, hyperbole, prosopopeia
b) Ellipsis, rectification, gradation, apostrophe, irony
c) Antithesis, hyperbole, personification, irony, euphemism
d) Gradation, apostrophe, personification, ellipses, rectification
e) Irony, euphemism, antithesis, apostrophe, gradation
Alternative to: Irony, euphemism, antithesis, hyperbole, prosopopeia.
Irony, because “good guy” conveys the opposite idea of what is really thought about the boy;
Euphemism, because “gave his soul to God” is a milder way of saying that he died;
Antithesis, because it uses terms with opposite meanings - cold and heat;
Hyperbole, because it exaggerates when referring to the amount of garbage - “mountain of garbage”;
Prosopopoeia, because snow does not have the human capacity to invite tourists.
question 34
(PUC-SP) At a large concessionaire in São Paulo, the following call was read: “Total burning of used vehicles”. The same strategy was used in a call from a large hypermarket, which read: “Big mattress burning”. Regarding the meanings created by these calls, it is appropriate to state that
a) in both there is a use of language in its strictly literal sense.
b) only in one of them the language was used in its strictly literal sense.
c) in both senses it is metaphorical and is apprehended by the association with the context.
d) in both senses it is metaphorical and is only apprehended by grammatical rules.
e) in both senses it is metaphorical and cannot be grasped because it is incoherent.
Alternative c: in both sense it is metaphorical and is apprehended by association with the context.
The action of “burning” is compared to the action of “liquidating”, that is, selling everything, hence the use of the metaphor, which is appropriate to its context.
question 35
(Vunesp)
Text 1 Gregório de Matos
Enjoy, enjoy the flower of youth,
that time treats all lightly
and prints his footsteps on every flower.
O wait not, that the mature age
convert this flower to you, this beauty,
in earth, in gray, in dust, in shadow, in nothing.
Text 2 Basilio da Gama
For if you know that your beauty
Due to age, the damage will have to be suffered,
Why are you denying me this adventure today?
Save the disappointments to your time,
Let us enjoy now, while it lasts,
Since the flower of years lasts so little.
the latin expression carpe diem, which means “enjoy the (present) day”, was a constant in the two literary periods represented by the poems of Gregório de Matos and Basílio da Gama.
a) Transcribe, from each of the poems, a verse in which the idea of the carpe diem is explicitly presented.
b) What metaphor is common to the two poems?
a) Text I: “Joy, enjoy the flower of youth,” and Text II: “Let us rejoice now, while it lasts”;
b) Flower is used as a metaphor for youth in both texts. This is what we found, for example:
Text I
“Oh don't wait, that the mature age
Convert this flower to you, this beauty,"
Text II
"Since the flower of years lasts so little."
question 36
(Unifesp)
Maria Slap
The beating that Maria Clara applied to the villain Laura raised the audience for the soap opera Celebridade.
Last Monday, 28 slaps well applied by the heroine Maria Clara (Malu Mader) overthrew the ignoble Laura (Cláudia Abreu) and raised the ratings of Celebridade, the 8 pm soap on Globo. (…)
Both the girl and the villain have gained a new dimension in recent times. Maria Clara, after losing her fortune, is no longer just a magnanimous and indifferent little patrician, the bored Maria Chata. She gained fiber and showed that she doesn't have cockroach blood. As for Laura, it's clear that her wickedness has oceanic proportions: she continued her perfidy even after she won the fame and money she craved. For gloating so much about the enemy, he attracted the hatred of the novelists. (See, 05.05.2004.)
In “As for Laura, it was clear that her wickedness has oceanic proportions”, the present figure of speech is
a) a metaphor, as it compares evil with the ocean.
b) hyperbole, as it expresses the idea of an exaggerated evil.
c) a euphemism, as it does not directly state how much evil there is.
d) an irony, as evil is recognized, but other meanings are presupposed.
e) a pleonasm, since between evil and oceanic there is a repetition of meaning.
Alternative b: a hyperbole, as it expresses the idea of an exaggerated evil.
The hyperbole figure of speech consists in the transposition of exaggeration to the message with an intentional meaning. Thus, “oceanic proportions” expresses the seriousness of the novel's character's evil.
question 37
(FMU) When you say that buried "on the finger a pin", which boarded "on the train" and that sawed “the feet of the table”, uses a type of figure of speech called:
a) metonymy
b) antithesis
c) parody
d) allegory
e) catachresis
Alternative e: catachresis.
Catachresis is used when we use certain words because there are no specific ones to talk about something in particular. This is what happens in:
“bury the finger”, since to bury means to put under the earth;
“boarding the train”, since boarding means getting on the boat.
question 38
(Anhembi)
I have phases
Hidden walking phases,
phases of coming to the street…
Loss of my life!
Damnation of my life!
I have phases of being yours,
I have others to be alone.
Phases that come and go,
in the secret calendar
that an arbitrary astrologer
invented for my use.
And the melancholy runs
your endless spindle!
I don't meet anyone
(I have phases, like the moon…)
on someone's day
it's not the day for me to be yours…
And when that day comes,
another disappeared...
(Adverse Moon – Cecília Meireles)
Indicate the alternative that does not contain the same figure of speech present in this verse of the poem:
a) Sadness is an immense boat, lost in the ocean.
b) “My look is sharp as a sunflower” (Alberto Caeiro)
c) “My love taught me to be simple as a church square” (Oswald de Andrade)
d) Her house is dark as night.
e) He is slow as a slug.
Alternative to: Sadness is a huge boat, lost in the ocean.
In alternative a) the present figure of speech is the metaphor, a comparison that dispenses with the use of a comparative term (as, as such) and which was not used in Cecília Meireles' poem;
In the remaining alternatives, the comparison is present, which also appears in the poem above under “I have phases, like the moon…".
question 39
(UFPE) Check the alternative where the author does NOT use prosopopeia.
a) "When that non-word takes the bait, something is written." (Clarice Lispector)
b) “Words are not born tied, they jump, kiss, dissolve…” (Drummond)
c) “Poetry goes to the corner to buy a newspaper”. (Gullar smith)
d) “Lightness smiled in the air: exactly that. It was a sigh of the world." (Clarice Lispector)
e) “My name is Severino, I don't have another sink”. (João Cabral de Melo Neto)
Alternative e: “My name is Severino, I don't have another sink”. (João Cabral de Melo Neto)
The word “name” was omitted because it was already used in the first sentence. If it wasn't omitted, it would sound repetitively: "My name is Severino, I don't have another name for a sink". The omission of a word already used in the message is characteristic of the figure of speech known as zeugma.
The prosopopeia, in turn, is characterized by attributing human capacities to irrational beings, as we see in the other alternatives: a) “this non-word bites”, b) “words kiss”, c) “poetry will buy the newspaper” and d) “brightness he used to smile".
question 40
Only one of the alternatives has synesthesia. Indicate which.
a) I loved that sweet sound coming through the window.
b) The night falls asleep tired.
c) That deafening poop every morning irritated anyone.
d) If you come back, if you want me, if you let me, I can change.
e) Get inside now or I'll pick you up with slipper in hand!
Alternative a: Loved that sweet sound coming through the window.
Synesthesia is the figure of speech in which sensations are not perceived by the expected sense organs. So, in this prayer, hearing (sound) and taste (sweet) get mixed up.
For you to understand better:
- speech figures
- Word pictures
- sound figures
- thought figures
- Syntax figures
