THE Calendar History and Origin it begins with the need to organize time, record evolution, as well as celebrate on fixed dates.
Experts believe that it originated with the Sumerians - people of Mesopotamia - in 2700 BC Ç.. It consisted of 12 lunar months with 29 or 30 days, totaling 354 in the year.
In this way, it did not coincide with the solar calendar, composed of 365 days.
Solar Calendar
The solar cycle brought more observation difficulties, since the lunations are shorter, so the solar-based calendar was more difficult to be studied.
It was created by the Egyptians and had 365 days divided into 12 months with 30 days plus 5 days added at the end of the year. there was no year leap and the months were divided into three seasons: Flood, Winter and Summer.
Chinese Calendar
The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, that is, it considers both the solar cycle and the lunar cycle. It is formed by 12-year cycles starting in February - the month, therefore, that marks the entrance of the Chinese New Year.
Unlike the Western calendar, which assigns a sign to each month, the animals in the Chinese horoscope are not related to the months of the year, but to the years.
The animals are respectively the following and are repeated every five years: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig.
Christian or Gregorian Calendar
This is the calendar currently used in Brazil and in most of the world.
It was created in Rome in the 6th century by a monk named Dionysus. The counting of the years should be started by an event of great value, so that, as a Christian, Dionysus considered that year 1 should be the year of the birth of Jesus Christ.
This calendar became official in the year 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII; for this reason it is also known as the Gregorian calendar.
Goes back to 550 a. C e is composed of two calendars - the Haab, which is the civil calendar - and the Tzolkin, which is the sacred calendar.
While Haab has 365 days divided into 18 months with 20 days each, a total of 360 (5 days do not belong to any month), the Tzolkin has 260 days divided into three groups of months with 20 days, where each day is counted from 1 to 13.
Islamic Calendar
This is lunar and is also called hegiric because Muhammad's flight to Medina is called Hégira (Hégira is the first year of the Muslim era). It comprises 12 months of 29 or 30 days, totaling 354 per year.
Now that you know the origin of the calendar, learn to counting time and divide the centuries.