Magmatic, igneous or eruptive rocks represent one of the types of rocks that exist, which are formed by terrestrial magma.
The magmatic rocks are the oldest on the planet and cover about ¼ of the Earth's surface. They are made up of different minerals, for example quartz, mica, silicon and feldspar.
Types of Rocks
Depending on the constitution and origin of the rocks, they are classified into three types:
- Magmatic Rocks: formed by terrestrial magma.
- Sedimentary Rocks: formed by sediment particles.
- Metamorphic Rocks: formed by the transformation of some minerals.
Learn more about Types of Rocks.
How are Magmatic Rocks Formed?
Magmatic rocks are formed by the solidification of the pasty magma present in the interior of planet Earth. In addition to solidifying inside the planet, they are also formed in the Earth's crust.
Thus, when volcanic eruptions occur, lava (molten magma) is expelled. Upon coming into contact with the environment, they cool and solidify, thus forming magmatic rocks.
Learn more about volcanoes.
Classification
According to the origin and formation process of magmatic rocks, they are classified in two ways:
- Intrusive Magmatic Rocks: also called "plutonic or abyssal rocks", this type of igneous rock is formed inside the earth's crust and its formation process is slower. They have a phaneritic texture in which the crystals of each mineral that make them up can be noted.
- Extrusive Magmatic Rocks: also called "volcanic or effusive rocks", this type of igneous rock is formed in the earth's crust. They have a glassy texture, as the magma cools down quickly. In such a way, in this type of magmatic rock, minerals melt quickly, which makes it impossible to visualize each crystal that composes it.
According to the amount of silicon (Si) present in the magmatic rock, they are classified in three ways:
- Acid Magmatic Rock: silicon concentration greater than 65%
- Basic Magmatic Rock: silicon concentration between 52 to 65%
- Neutral Magmatic Rock: silicon concentration between 45 to 52%
Understand more about the Rock Cycle.
Examples of Magmatic Rocks
As they are highly resistant rocks, they are used in paving and in various constructions.
Below are some examples of magmatic rocks:
- Granite
- Diorite
- Diabase
- Basalt
- Obsidian
- pumice stone
Learn more about mineral kingdom.
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