THE globalization it is a process of absence or reduction of economic and immigration barriers between countries.
It is characterized by the deepening of economic, social, cultural and political relations between the peoples of the world.
Characteristics of Globalization
Economic
Globalization is characterized by the union of the world market through economic blocks and the disappearance of commercial borders between its members.
Thus, there is an increase in economic competition and the level of competition, with the consequent exploitation of labor.
In the globalized world, professional qualification is valued, at the same time as the labor rights that push workers to the informal market are reduced.
Policies
International forums and organizations have become the privileged stage for political and economic decisions.
Therefore, economic blocs try to give citizens political participation either through parliaments in order to build a space for discussion.
communications
The most visible mark of globalization is perhaps in the field of the media.
Television and telephones were already fulfilling this objective, but with the advent of the Internet and smart phones, this role was expanded. So we see how information is now instantaneous and close if we are connected to a network.
Globalization in Brazil
Throughout its history, Brazil has almost always been a closed market for imported products.
However, after the military dictatorship from 1964 to 1985, the national market was opened and globalization reached the country. This happened through the implementation of the neoliberalism with the Collor Plan, which promoted the opening of the national market and the privatization of state-owned companies.
Furthermore, the expansion of industries and multinational companies were essential to reinforce the globalization process in the country.
economic globalization
A notable fact of globalization is the accumulation of knowledge. This causes an increase in the pace of transformations in the means of production and has the consequence of making the productive method of industries cheaper.
Thus, from the beginning, we have noticed a dispersion of the production chain, through which products are manufactured in several countries.
The main objective is to reduce costs by exploiting labor, raw materials and energy in developing countries.
We can also imagine globalization as a process that aims to build and improve a network of connections.
The aim is to shorten distances, facilitating cultural and economic affinities, since it establishes the connection between countries and people from all over the world.
In this sense, financial institutions (banks, exchange houses) created an effective system to benefit the transfer of capital and trade shares on a global scale.
Economic blocks
The increase in economic relations between countries created the need to expand their markets and guarantee a place for their products.
Thus, there was the creation of economic blocks, whose main objective is to increase trade relations between members. These associations are made according to the geographical proximity of the countries and we can cite as examples the European Union, Mercosur, the USMCA (formerly NAFTA), the Pacto Andino and APEC.
The economic blocs are also concerned with guaranteeing values such as democracy, the extinction of the death penalty and childcare.
cultural globalization
With the opening of markets, the consumer (who becomes a new category of citizen) has access to quality imported products at low cost.
This process contributes to access to the means of communication by making technologies and production methods cheaper.
One of the icons of globalization is the Internet, the planetary network that connects computers. It was made possible thanks to pacts between different public and private entities around the world.
Thus, the English language becomes fundamental on the Internet, as a fast and efficient way to interact with people from other countries.
However, it is still a form of cultural colonization, as other languages and cultural expressions are displaced or undervalued.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization
The main positive point of globalization is the technological advances that facilitate the flow of information and capital through innovations in the areas of Telecommunications and Information Technology.
Globalization gave rise to Generation Y, the first that is living in a hyper-connected world and with fewer commercial and cultural barriers.
As a negative point, it must be stated that the largest portion of the money is among the most developed countries. These achieve astronomical profits and create a brutal concentration of wealth generating a disproportionate relationship in the world.
Origin of globalization
The origin of globalization goes back to the 15th century during the mercantilist period. Several European nations set out to sea in search of new lands and riches.
Later, in the 18th century, there was an increase in the flow of labor between countries and continents, especially in the new European colonies in Africa and Asia.
The European came into contact with peoples from other continents and established commercial and cultural relations at unprecedented levels.
In the 19th century, with the invention of electricity, railways and steamships, distances became shorter and products could reach the most remote places.
Globalization in the 20th century
This set of political and economic transformations intensified, especially in the end of the 20th century, with emphasis on the post-World War II period, better known as War Cold.
At this time, countries were divided into those who adopted capitalism, supported by the United States, and those who adopted socialism, led by the Soviet Union.
After the end of the Soviet Union, however, the world was no longer divided by an ideological barrier. Countries that belonged to the communist bloc would adopt liberalism as a form of government and capitalism as economic policy.
Countries adopt neoliberal measures that defend the opening of national markets, end of state-owned companies, reduction of labor rights, among other measures. In this way, neoliberalism will drive the process of economic globalization to the four corners of the world.
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