It's called provisional government the period from 1930 to 1934, when Getúlio Vargas ruled Brazil, after the victory of the 1930 Revolution.
This moment was marked by the tension between the centralization of power around Vargas and the discontent of the former state oligarchies.
1930 revolution
The Revolution of 1930 led those discontented with the government of the First Republic to the federal government, through the coup d'état proposed by Getúlio Vargas.
The first measures of the provisional government were: the closing of the Congress and the Senate, the suspension of the Constitution of 1891 and the dismissal of the former presidents of provinces (governors).
The Ministry of Education and Health was also created, as well as the Ministry of Labour, Industry and Commerce.
Vargas would also promise presidential elections soon, but he postponed the decision whenever he could. He turned to the Catholic Church for support so he could support himself in the presidency.
Attitudes like these displeased several of his corelegionaries who participated in the 30's movement.
The Provisional Government and Lieutenants
once victorious, Getulio Vargas he placed the lieutenants in the main positions of the administration for their participation in the Revolution of 1930. The political maneuver displeased those colonels who kept their strongholds of influence in the country and who started to confront the government.
Lieutenants came to control the states under the name of "intendents" after the deposition of former state presidents (governors) elected.
Among the lieutenants were Juarez Távola, Juraci Magalhães, João Alberto and Ary Parreiras. However, there were civilians like Maurício de Lacerda and Pedro Ernesto.
Juarez Távora is named delegate of the Northern States (which ranged from Espírito Santo to Amazonas) and João Alberto, intervenor of São Paulo. For his part, Juracy Magalhães is chosen as interventor in Bahia and Ary Parreiras, in Rio de Janeiro.
Pedro Ernesto is appointed interventor of the Federal District and Maurício de Lacerda served as ambassador to Uruguay and shortly thereafter broke with Vargas.
A year after the revolution, the provisional government adopted the Code of Interventors, which limited the power of appointed lieutenants. In addition, it prohibited them from borrowing abroad and having police forces superior to the national army.
The military, united around the Clube 3 de Outubro, headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, debated instruments to consolidate the Armed Forces. In this way, they support labor reform, stand against elections and the call for a Constituent Assembly.
The oligarchic groups, however, demanded elections and constitutional reform. In this way, they began to challenge Getúlio Vargas in an attempt to avoid the political strengthening of the lieutenants.
1932 Revolution and Provisional Government
The discontent of the oligarchic groups, led by the paulistas, marked the beginning of the 1932 revolution, in Sao Paulo.
The objectives of this uprising were to convene elections for executive positions and to form a constituent assembly. Faced with the government's refusal, the paulistas take up arms, but the revolt was quelled by Getúlio Vargas.
In any case, a year later, the National Constituent Assembly was instituted, which would promulgate the new Magna Carta and elect Vargas himself as president.
Enter the definitions of the new 1934 Constitution there was election by direct and secret ballot, presidential term of four years and the creation of deputies by professional category.
With the new Magna Carta, the provisional government and the tenentista movement would come to an end and the Vargas Era enters the phase called Constitutionalist Government.
Also read about the Vargas Era:
- First Republic
- It was Vargas
- new state
- Brazil Republic
- Exercises on the Vargas Era
