THE deep venal thrombosis, also known as deep vein thrombosis, is a disease that occurs when a blood clot, also called a thrombus, develops within a deep venous blood vessel. The thrombus obstructs the total or partial passage of blood, preventing its normal circulation and creating a serious problem for the entire blood circulation in the body.
THE deep venal thrombosis it is a serious and relatively common condition. Generally, the thrombus responsible for the obstruction of blood forms in the calf, which can also occur in the thighs and occasionally in the upper limbs. Its detachment can bring complications in the short and long term. In the short term, the thrombus detachment can travel to the lung, obstructing an artery and causing what we call pulmonary embolism, which can lead to death. In the long term, the detachment of this thrombus can cause chronic venous insufficiency or syndrome post-phlebitis, caused by the destruction of the veins, responsible for taking the venous blood back to the heart.
The development of deep venal thrombosis can be related to three causes:
- Decrease in blood circulation velocity, as in people who are bedridden for a long period of time; people who sit for a long time in one position (in front of the computer, long trips);
- Occurrence of ruptures in the internal wall of the vessel that lead to thrombus formation, as in traumas, infections and intravenous medications;
- Increased blood susceptibility to clot formation, such as during pregnancy, with the use of contraceptives, and in people who have diabetes and blood disorders.
Although most of the time it is asymptomatic, some people may experience symptoms such as swelling, pain, heat, redness, muscle stiffness in the region where the thrombus is, darker skin color, induration of the subcutaneous tissue, eczema and ulcers.
O diagnosis of this disease is done through the patient's history and laboratory and imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance, phlebography and color Doppler echocardiography. Early diagnosis of this disease prevents more serious complications and the risk of sequelae.
O treatment Deep vein thrombosis is made from anticoagulant medications (such as heparin and awarfarin) and fibrinolytics that help dissolve the thrombus. There are cases where surgical intervention is necessary.
the best way to prevent deep vein thrombosis is to use anticoagulant medications in low doses (for patients who spend a long time at rest); doing physical activities; do not smoke; and maintain proper weight.
People who sit for a long period of time in the same position should always walk so that blood circulates faster and prevents thrombus development. A survey by the Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, New Zealand, revealed that those who spend hours followed in front of the computer, without taking breaks, are more likely to develop deep vein thrombosis.
By Paula Louredo
Graduated in Biology
Source: Brazil School - https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/doencas/trombose-venal-profunda.htm
