Apud, which means “quoted by, according, second” is the expression used to quote a quote.
This is a resource used in academic papers when you want to cite an author who has been cited by the author and work you are reading. This means that you yourself have not had access to this other author, but will enjoy what the author who is reading read and used.
It sounds confusing, but it isn't!
Instead of using the Latin expression apud, you can also use other expressions like “quoted by, according, second”. The important thing is to make it clear that you didn't have access to the author.
Citations are very important in TCCs. A project based on good authors and good works has more credibility.
Although the apud (or citation citation) is not well regarded by the examining board, remember that if you make a citation without indicating its author, you will be committing plagiarism.
Therefore, in the need to use apud, we use it, but let it be used correctly. So let's learn how to do it!
What does ABNT say about apud?
NBR 10520 contemplates this type of citation and defines that it is a direct or indirect citation made without access to the original text. It adds that the apud expression can be used.
According to the examples in the standard, the expression can be placed before the citation itself or after it.
Examples of apud location:
Citation citation can contain a transcription of a work, with the words of the author, or it can be based on a work, with the words of the person transmitting the information.
Examples of direct and indirect citation citations:
In the first quote, Koch transcribes the words of Beaugrande and Dressler. This is an example of direct quote, as in the second quote, where Garcia's words were transcribed by Koch and Travaglia.
Now let's look at examples where Koch and Travaglia write based on the words of Beaugrande and Dressler, as well as Giora (indirect citation).
How to make bibliographical references with apud?
In bibliographic references you should only include works you have read and not those read by the author you cited.
Thus, considering the examples given above of direct and indirect citation citations, we would only include in the bibliographic references of our work the authors Koch and Travaglia. Beaugrande, Dressler, Garcia and Giora would not be included.
Thus:
Don't stop there. There are more texts very useful for you:
- ABNT standards: formatting rules for academic papers
- ABNT References
- website quote
- Bibliography
- Scientific popularization text
- record
- How to make a monograph
- How to reference sites: ABNT models and examples