Art Nouveau: characteristics, artists and in Brazil

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THE "Art Nouveau"(Arte Nova) is a modernist artistic style manifested in plastic arts, decorative arts (ceramics, glassware), graphic arts, architecture, sculpture and design.

She is marked by the use of materials such as wood, glass, iron and cement and her style was widely used in architecture, illustration, decoration, furniture.

facade of Casa Batlló (Barcelona) designed by architect Antoni Gaudí

Furthermore, Art Nouveau is characterized by the presence of undulating and dynamic lines, in order to convey the idea of movement. His style approaches the naturalistic aesthetic which is composed of organic forms related to nature.

Origin

Influenced by the English movement "Arts and Crafts", Art Nouveau began in France in the late nineteenth century.

The term "Art Nouveau" appeared in 1900 in Paris. At the time, objects, furniture and tapestries were exhibited in the art gallery "Mason Art Nouveau” (House of Art Nouveau), by the decorator Siegfried Bing (1838-1905).

Mason Art Nouveau, in Paris

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This style prevailed in prominence until the end of 1910 being replaced by the "Art Deco".

Curiosity

Depending on the location, the term "Art Nouveau" received other names:

"Jugendstil"(youth style) in Germany;
"Stile Liberty" or "art nuova" in Italy;
"Secession" in Austria and Hungary;
Glasgow style" in the United Kingdom;
"Tiffany Style" in the United States,
"Le Style Moderne" in France;
"Modernist" in Spain.

Art Nouveau Features

Use of materials such as: iron, glass, wood and cement
Valorization of organic and complex forms
Valorization of sinuous and asymmetrical lines
Presence of the female figure and cold colors in plastic arts
Use of knowledge in physics and mathematics
Enhancement of logic, rationalism
opposition to romanticism
Subjectivism and Symbolism
Serial production and massification of the arts
Nature themes (flowers, leaves, animals)

Art Nouveau in Brazil

In Brazil, "Art Nouveau" arrives at the end of the 19th century, beginning of the 20th. At the time, she was influenced by the "Belle Epoque", a European style that was considered "chic".

In this way, this style is gaining space, becoming evident in some Brazilian cities such as São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

In São Paulo, Castelinho da Brigadeiro, Colégio Santa Inês and Vila Penteado stand out. In Rio de Janeiro, we have the Confeitaria Colombo, the Casa Vilino Silveira and the Relógio da Glória.

Confeitaria Colombo (Rio de Janeiro) founded in 1894

Noteworthy is the Swedish artist Carlos Eckmann (1866-1940) who designed the "Vila Penteado" in São Paulo in 1902. This mansion was made for the Penteado family and now belongs to the University of São Paulo (USP).