Federal Constitutional Republic of the United States of America
As we know, the Statesunited of america it is a democratic country, with republican institutions and organized federatively, that is, it is formed by 50 autonomous states, all of them linked to the central power, the Union. This federative unit is governed by three branches, also autonomous, the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary. Executive power is exercised by a single individual who exercises the functions of Head of Government and Head of state, O President.
The structure of US federative autonomy is a result of the organization of the former thirteenColonies. Such colonies, even before becoming independent, already had internal administrative autonomy. With the Independence, in 1776, the republican system ended up conditioning such autonomy to a project of a unified nation.
How are US presidential elections held?
The election process for the President of the Republic of the United States can be divided into two main phases. The first phase consists of the candidate's registration process and his/her nomination for the ConventionNational of your respective party, be the BrokenRepublican, be the BrokenDemocrat. At this stage, the primary elections are held, when the delegates are elected (delegates), which are chosen by the great mass of voters to decide which of the party's candidates will go to the final race – at this stage the indirect character of the elections begins. This large mass of voters does not vote directly for the president.
Then there is the phase of schoolElectoral, in which a candidate from each party is already chosen and the two go to the final dispute. Voting at the Electoral College is done by other delegates, called “electors”, and is always performed in the Tuesday after the first Monday of November.
First phase: candidate registration and primaries
In the first phase of the dispute (primary elections), candidates must register with the FEC (Federal Election Commission - Federal Election Commission). At this stage, the "delegates” – usually affiliated or sympathetic to the two dominant parties – define which Republican candidate and which Democratic candidate goes to the final race. Currently (2916), the number of "delegates” of the US Republican Party is about 2,470, and the Democratic Party has about 3,630. In the primaries, the candidate who manages to receive half of the votes plus one wins and goes to the second round.
Second phase: voting at the Electoral College
After the preliminary of the Party Conventions, the candidates (now unique - only one per party) will receive the votes of the "electors”, whose amount varies from state to state, according to the number of federal congressmen. Therefore, the number of "electors” of each US state corresponds exactly to the sum of the number of federal deputies and senators that that state has. In all, the 50 US states have 538 "electors”. The state that has the most voters is California (which is why there is such an intense dispute in that state), with 55 "electors”. To be elected, the presidential candidate must have an absolute majority of the delegates' votes. So, 270 votes at least. The inauguration took place on January 20th and is named after Inauguration Day.
By Me. Cláudio Fernandes