After the end of the Monarchy, around 507 BC. a., the patricians happened to completely dominate the city of Rome. To manage it, the patricians created some political institutions, which we will present below.
The most important institution was the Senate, which was formed by about 300 patricians, who controlled the entire administration of the city, the finances, the decision for carrying out wars or maintaining peace, in addition to being the legislative body responsible for the laws of Republic.
There were also three assemblies: A Centurial Assembly, the most important, responsible for voting on the projects presented, which was composed of centuries, groups of one hundred soldiers, both of patrician and commoner origin, but with the majority of the former. The existence of this assembly demonstrated the great importance that the military held in Rome.
THE Curial Assembly he was responsible for religious affairs. THE Tribal Assembly he was responsible for electing the lower magistrates, classifying citizens according to their tribe of origin.
Executive power was exercised by magistracy, composed of the highest state officials. At the top were the Consuls, in number of two and elected by the Centurial Assembly, holding the position for one year, when they proposed laws and presided over the Senate and the Assemblies. In times of war, a dictator to centralize administration.
You Praetors they were in charge of the administration of justice. You Censors they were the ones who carried out the census of the population, counting and classifying it according to income, also accumulating the function of inspecting the observance of Roman customs. O Quaestor he was responsible for collecting taxes and administering the public treasury. already the Edis they were in charge of various services in the city, such as policing, supplying, preserving the city, as well as organizing civic and religious celebrations.
Due to the vast majority of magistrates being composed of patricians, the commoners had little representation in the political administration of the city. Thanks to the social conflicts between the two classes, the plebs managed to set up the Tribunate of the Plebe, a magistracy whose function was to defend plebeian interests.
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