The Third Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technical-Scientific-Informational Revolution, corresponds to one of the phases of Industrial Revolution. It was marked, especially, by socioeconomic transformations beyond the industrial sector. Technological evolution at that time also permeates the scientific field, uniting them.
Characteristics of the Third Industrial Revolution
The Third Industrial Revolution began in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in the context of Second World War, marking the beginning of Information Age. It represented the achievement of a new level both economically and socially. The transformations made possible by technical-scientific-informational advances have transformed unprecedented social relations, as well as the relationship between man and the environment with regard to the exploitation of resources natural.
This phase of the Industrial Revolution was marked, especially, by theimprovement of techniques and technological advances both in the production process and in the scientific field. There were several innovations in the field of robotics, genetics, telecommunications, electronics, transport and infrastructure. this intense industrialization of the countries involved made it possible to increase productivity and also contributed to their economic recovery and development.
Many technologies developed during this period were used to serve World War II. But technical-scientific-informational advances went much further, enabling a new economic and industrial scenario around the world. O emergence of electronics was one of the highlights of that phase. Investments in this area and in the robotics area through computers, satellites, software and robots transformed the way of production, as well as the productivity achieved.
The world has modernized. In industries, high technology capable of carrying out very precise work in less time and in greater quantity has been used. The field of medicine has also changed, and the biotechnology made possible the production of medicines, medical instruments, as well as techniques and methods that revolutionized the health sector.
The area of telecommunication, in addition to undergoing significant changes, it has also transformed the lives of people around the world. Television, internet, radio, cell phones made it possible to spread information instantly and what once seemed far away has now become close. Physical geographic boundaries were broken. Distances between cultures, traditions, languages and histories have narrowed. the world, then, globalized.
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Consequences
The main consequences of the Third Industrial Revolution can be seen not only in the countryside productive with the invention and improvement of machines in industries, but also with the use of robotics, that diversified and expanded production by reducing costs, and in the social field.
Social relationships changed. Many products currently used by us and that are part of our daily lives were created during this period. Electronic innovations have made life easier for the population and brought those who are physically distant closer together. THE Internet nowadays it influences the lives of millions of people, allowing the dissemination of information, messages, bringing cultures together, regardless of geographic conditions such as location.
They are also consequences of the Third Industrial Revolution:
Faster and faster growth of economies;
Replacement of energy sources conventional by alternative energy sources;
Consolidation of financial capitalism;
Increase in multinationals;
Investment in research.
However, it is important to say that this revolution did not have only positive points. The replacement of manufacturing by machinofacture and the improvement of techniques made the labor was devalued and explored. Labor relations again underwent changes.
Another negative point is associated with the relationship between man and the environment. Younatural resources are being exploited increasingly and in an unsustainable way. Currently, there is a great concern with environmental issues, given the need to explore the environment without jeopardizing the supply of future generations. It is therefore necessary to seek a model of sustainable development in order to preserve the planet.
Technological Inventions
The main technological advances in the Third Industrial Revolution are related to robotics, electronics and also the internet.
The main inventions of this phase of the Industrial Revolution were:
Electronic computer in 1947, perfected in 1990, when the personal computer was created; |
Portable cellular device in 1973, by Motorola, being improved later; |
ARPANET, forerunner of the internet in 1969, being popularized in 1990; |
Long-range rocket; |
Atomic energy started to be used. |
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Third Industrial Revolution Countries
The Industrial Revolution, which was previously limited to Western Europe, broke barriers, reaching countries like Japan, U.S and Germany, spreading across the world. During this period, countries like Japan and Germany were devastated by World War II, while the United States, together with the its allies, worked in the project of recovery and reconstruction of countries that suffered the consequences of the war through aid financial.
The main transformations that took place during the phase of the Third Industrial Revolution were in the United States and Japan and Germany that by prioritizing investments in the education, science and technology sectors were seeking to become powers.
also know: What was imperialism?
Fourth Industrial Revolution
Currently, there is talk of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Some scholars believe that this new phase of industrialization, also known as Industry 4.0, represents a transition period in relation to development, advances and improvements in technologies.
According to the founder of the World Economic Forum, economist Klaus Schwab, today's society is already experiencing these transformations and this new phase will change the way we live, organize, work and relate to each other. with others.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution will represent a set of technologies involving robotics, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, nanotechnology, 3D printing and a never-before-seen improvement in electronics, as well as in the use of Internet.
According to the 2016 IMF report, countries that are already experiencing this revolution are:
Singapore
Finland
Sweden
Norway
U.S
Netherlands
Israel
