Phenomenology is the study of a set of phenomena and how they manifest themselves, whether through time or space. It's a subject that consists of study the essence of things and how they are perceived in the world.
The word phenomenology came from the Greek phainesthai, which means "that which presents itself or that which is shown", and logos is a suffix that means "explanation" or "study".
In psychology, phenomenology is based on a method that seeks to understand the experience of patients in the world they live in, in addition to understanding how these patients perceive the world around them.
The concept of phenomenology was created by the philosopher Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), who also worked as a mathematician, scientist, researcher and professor at the faculties of Göttingen and Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
Husserl's Phenomenology
According to Husserl's phenomenology, all phenomena in the world must be thought of from the mental perceptions of each human being. The philosopher wanted philosophy to be able to have the bases and conditions of a rigorous science. However, a scientific method is determined to be a "temporary truth", that is, something that will be considered true until a new fact shows otherwise, creating a new reality.
Lest philosophy be considered a "provisional truth", Husserl suggests that phenomenology should refer only to things as they are. in the experience of consciousness, and which must be studied for their essence, eliminating the assumptions of the real and empirical world of an object of science.
To exemplify Husserl's phenomenological thinking, a square is imagined as a geometric shape. That square, no matter how big it is, big or small, will always be a square in essence in an individual's mind.
Phenomenology of Spirit
THE "Phenomenology of Spirit" ("Phänomenologie des Geistes", original title) is a work written by the German philosopher Gerog Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, which addresses the process of formation of human consciousness.
According to Hegel, conflicts of desires or with other consciousnesses modify an individual's way of thinking, based on a set of social experiences.
According to the book, in order to reach the truth, the individual must assimilate the transformations of things and ideas that surround him.