Geothermal energy or geothermal energy consists of the process of obtaining energy from the heat present in the Earth's core.
Beneath the earth's crust is magma, a type of liquid rock that has a high temperature. Geothermal energy represents the use of this heat as a fundamental material for the production of electricity, for heating buildings, greenhouses, etc.
In fact, the use of geothermal energy in the electricity production process is one of the most benign systems existing ones, as it is not harmful to the environment and cheaper than other forms of production of energy.
Geothermal energy is considered a renewable energy source. However, there are estimates that the Earth's geothermal field may be depleted, as the time for reserves to be replenished is slow.
Furthermore, the use of geothermal energy, if not done properly, can cause damage to the Planet.
Geothermal power plants work from overheating water, which in turn produces high pressure vapors that move turbines connected to electricity generators. However, instead of using fossil fuels to heat water, for example, these plants directly harness the heat from the center of the Earth.
See also the meaning of Thermal energy.
There are three main ways to use geothermal energy:
1 - Direct use: through geothermal reservoirs. Temperatures here vary between 20ºC and 150ºC, and can be used to provide heat for room heating, thermal baths, etc.
2 - Geothermal plants: direct use of geothermal fluids with temperatures above 150ºC. They can be used to drive turbines that produce electricity, for example.
3 - Geothermal heat pumps (BCG): pumping thermal water through pipes inserted into the ground. This system is mainly used to control the ambient temperature.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy
As stated, one of the main advantages of geothermal energy is the fact that it is a much less polluting alternative for the environment. Another positive aspect is the relative ease of installing a geothermal plant, especially to supply more isolated locations.
However, it is not easily renewable, making geothermal reserves limited. In addition, the odor and unhealthy properties of water vapor that is extracted from the earth's interior can also pose a hazard to exposed people.
Learn more about Renewable energy.
Geothermal energy in Brazil
Brazil does not have easily accessible areas for geothermal energy to be extracted, as the magma areas are very far from the Earth's surface.
For this reason, this energy source is still little explored in the country, mainly because it is necessary to apply a very expensive structure to reach the places considered sufficient for the production of electricity, for example.
