Vanguard means front, front, front. It is a feminine noun, from the French “avant-garde” (to be in front, in front of a movement). They are synonymous with avant-garde: front, front. They are antonyms of the avant-garde: rear, tail.
In the military sphere, vanguard is the first line of an army, of a fleet, in order of march or battle.
Vanguarda is the most conscious and combative portion, or the most advanced ideas, of any social group. By extension, it is a group of individuals who, due to their knowledge or a natural tendency, play the role of precursor or pioneer in a certain cultural, artistic, scientific movement, etc.
European vanguard
The European Vanguard was a period characterized by artistic movements in the plastic arts, literature, music, architecture and cinema, often coming from different countries, with specific proposals, although they approached certain more or less common traits, such as the feeling of creative freedom, the desire to break with the past, the expression of subjectivity and certain irrationalism.
These movements emerged in Europe in the 20th century, before, during and after the First World War. Paris was the great cultural center of Europe at the time, from which new artistic ideas radiated to the rest of the Western world. The best known movements of the European vanguard were: o futurism, O Cubism, O Expressionism, O Dadaism it's the Surrealism.
See too: characteristics of expressionism.
Brazilian vanguard
The European artistic avant-garde had its counterpart in Brazil with the Semana de Arte Moderna (1922). In this symbolic mark of the modernist movement, the participation of practically all sectors of artistic activity was registered. In mutual harmony, were "Mário de Andrade, and Oswald de Andrade in Literature", "Heitor Villa Lobos in Music", "Di Cavalcanti and Anita Malfati in Painting", "Victor Brecheret in Sculpture" etc., which throughout the 1920s formed the shock troops of Modernism, struggling to implement an artistic-cultural vanguard mentality in the country.
See also
- Surrealism