Writing is a form of communication whose objective is to transmit some information to the sender. This modality can be constructed in several ways.
Literary systems branch from writing into three genres: lyric genre, epic and dramatic.
Both prose and poem can have characteristics of these three literary genres.
Today, we will enter the study of structural and thematic elements that make up the poem. In addition, we will highlight poetic creation tips.
Index
- What is a poem?
- What makes up a poem?
- rating the poems
- Poem x Poetry
-
Tips for building a poem
- 1- Have a goal
- 2- Highlight the theme
- 3- Be original
- 4- Use figures of speech
- 5- Avoid the obvious
- 6- Self-review your poem
What is a poem?
Poem is a textual structure formed by meaningful words and expressions.
What makes up a poem?
In this textual structure there is the verse, which is a succession of syllables or phonemes forming a rhythmic unit that corresponds to a line. There are also the stanzas or resorts, which are groupings of verses.
See an example:
Fidelity Sonnet, Vinicius de Moraes
Of everything, I will be attentive to my love (first verse)
Before, and with such zeal, and always, and so much (second verse)
That even in the face of the greatest charm (third verse)
Of him my thoughts become more enchanted. (fourth verse)I want to live it in every moment (fifth verse)
And in your praise I will spread my song (sixth verse)
And laugh my laugh and shed my tears (seventh verse)
Your grief or your contentment. (eighth verse)[…]
In the poem above we see eight verses and two stanzas.
Also, in general, the verses are measured by themetric. To identify the meter it is necessary to divide the verses into poetic syllables. This process is called as scansion.
Example:
But / what / if / already in / fi / ni / I'm in/ quan / to / du / re.
The division seen above follows the principles of poetic syllabic division.
In these divisions, the verses receive the following names: monosyllable (one syllable), two-syllable (two), smaller round (five), larger round (seven), decasyllable (ten), alexandrine (twelve), etc.
We should also emphasize that the verses whose meter is repeated are called regular verses.
Also in the structural aspect of the poem, the presence of rhythm, which is the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables. This accent is determined by the melodic sequence where she belongs.
Example:
of everything, to my love Mermaidtento.
Before, and with such zeso, and always, and tanI'm
that even in face of bigger encanI'm
delight him more mine thinkmento.
With regard to sound elements, the poem is usually made up of rhymes.
rhymes are musical resources based on similarity of word sounds at the end of verses and sometimes within verses.
Example:
Night at Morro do Encanto, Manuel Bandeira
This one background of hotel is the end of world!
Here is the silence that has a voice. O charm
Who named this hill, put it in the background
of each thing its captive corner.[…]
There are poems in which the verses vary in length and do not contain rhymes. Poems with these characteristics are called poems in white verses.
Example:
Alley poem, Manuel Bandeira
what does the landscape matter
Gloria, the bay, the line
from the horizon?– What I see is the alley.
There are other extremely important sound resources for the construction of a poem, such as:
- THE alliteration is phonetic figure that repeats identical or similar consonant sounds at the beginning of words.
Example:
He was bruto, brgrandfather, how thegrThis one rregion where it was bornroh and morrwas.
- THE assonance, which repeats the same vowel sound.
Example:
o formThes albs, whiteThes, FormTheit's clear.
(Cross and Sousa)
- O parallelism, which repeats the ideas and words that correspond in terms of meaning.
Example:
But it's needed have strength
It's needed have race
It's needed always want[…]
(Fernando Brandt and Milton Nascimento)
- THE paronomasia, which approximates the words of a text by their similarity in form or sound.
Example:
Like an echo that comes in the breeze
The straining, roaring and mooing,
The lament of the waterfalls!
(Manuel Bandeira)
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rating the poems
Now that we have structural notions of part of the poems that circulate in society, it is relevant to emphasize that, according to literary genres, poems can be:
- Lyrical: when they intend to express emotions, ideas and impressions in the face of the outside world. In lyrics, pronouns and verbs are normally in the first person and there is a predominance of a subjective language.
Example:
Lies, Adriana Calcanhoto
nothing stayed in place
i want to break these cups
I will deceive the devil
I want to wake up your familyI will write on your wall
And violate your taste.[…]
- epics: when there is centralization of mythical, historical and/or fantastic figures. Generally, these poems tell stories of a people or a nation, involving adventures, wars, heroic gestures. These poems are called epics. The verbs and pronouns of these epics are almost always in the third person.
Example:
The Lusiads, Luiz Vaz de Camões
The weapons and barons assigned
Which, from the western Lusitana beach,
By seas never sailed before
They also went beyond Taprobana,
And in dangers and strenuous wars,
More than human strength promised,
And among remote people they built
New Kingdom, which so sublimated;[…]
- dramatic: when it comes to poems written to be staged.
Example:
Drop of water, Chico Buarque
Joana: Do you like Croente's daughter, Jasão?
Jason: I don't want to talk about it now…
Joana: Not like it. It's just upset, right? Answer me…
Jason: I was talking, let me continue, yes?
Joana: Answer at once, man, take courage. Do you really like the girl?[…]
Poem x Poetry
For the total assimilation of the poem genre, it is essential to understand what poetry is, how it fits into the poem and its distinctions.
Poetry is the feeling expressed in the poem. It can be defined as the literary form of art, shaped by language. She is the idea expressed by the me lyric.
Thus, the poetry has the function of moving who reads the poems.
already the poem is the form of expression, the structure that the lyrical self uses to convey the desired idea, that is, to convey poetry.
Thus, it can be said that every poem has poetry, but not all poetry needs to be inside a poem.
Tips for building a poem
Well, we know that most poems require a prior structure and need to convey an idea, that is, poetry.
Considering these aspects, below are tips to build good poems:
1- Have a goal
Initially, you need to define your goal, your objective. Who will the poem be for? Which niche do you intend to target your poem to?
This should be your main focus in the process of starting the creative writing.
2- Highlight the theme
Once you have decided on your poetic niche, make an idea about this niche.
In the second generation of Brazilian Romanticism, for example, the attraction to death was a recurring theme. Álvares de Azevedo's production expressed a lot this taste for death.
3- Be original
Although we have emphasized the structural and thematic elements that can make up a poem, it is always recommended that you Use the imagination.
Be original. Try to avoid stylistic repetitions.
4- Use figures of speech
We saw above that some figures of speech are essential for the formation of a poem. They enrich any text, providing more argumentative force.
Thus, features such as metaphor, Comparation, prosopopoeia, synesthesia, alliteration, repetition and other figures of speech can make the poem more genuine.
5- Avoid the obvious
You don't need to build a poem based exactly on the molds outlined above.
Countless modernist and contemporary poems were not fixed in poetic structures.
Paulo Leminski, for example, wrote numerous of his poems with colloquiality and irreverence. Get creative!
6- Self-review your poem
The poem, like a prose text, needs revision. Read and reread your production. Pay attention, mainly, to the presence or absence of meaning.
If you're still unsure about your proofreading, ask a fellow creative writer and/or language professional to proofread.
VSee also:
- The 15 best Brazilian poems of all time
- Discover 15 famous poems to read with children
- Difference between poem and poetry
- Verse and Stanza - What are they, differences, types and examples
- What is textual genre?
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