O cubism was a European vanguard marked by the use of geometric shapes. The movement emerged in the 20th century in France. This was the period that broke with the previous aesthetic paradigms, which cherished the perfection of forms.
THE origin of cubism was marked by the work of the Spanish painter Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (“The Ladies d'Avignon”), in 1907. In the painting, traces of African sculptures were visible, mixed with the paintings of the French post-impressionist Paul Cézanne.
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Cubism was present in various media, such as science, in line with scientific investigations that took place in physics and geometry, in paintings, sculptures and even in literature.
Check out the important works of cubism:
1The Ladies d'Avignon (1907)
The painting by Pablo Picasso was considered the first fully Cubist work. On the canvas, there are five nude women, represented with geometric lines, with African masks. Currently, the painting is at the Museum of Modern Art, in New York, United States.
2cubist nude (1916)
The work of Brazilian Anita Malfatti shows a woman, naked, represented in diffuse forms. Although the painting has strong traces of the Cubist movement, it is possible to see that the artist continues to refer to her particular vision of the world.
3February 9 poem (1915)
The work of the French poet, Guillaume Apollinaire, brings an innovative aesthetic, that of cubism. The text is represented as visual poetry. In its structure, the verses form an image, which contains the entire content of the poem. This was one of the great influences of concretism.
4Guernica (1937)
Picasso's painting is one of the best known in Cubism. In the work, there is a war scene in which the bodies are fragmented and with an expression of horror. The canvas was painted on behalf of Spanish Civil War, which killed several people.
5Sad Young Man on a Train (1911–12)
Raymond Duchamp-Villon, a great Cubist sculptor, developed an image repetition technique. As a result, his works had movement effects. The breaking of the Cubist systematic drawings is shown in this work.
6Homes in L'Estaque (1908)
The painter Georges Braque, in addition to Pablo Picasso, was considered the founder of the Cubist movement. In the work, the artist draws cube-shaped houses. In the composition of the canvas, the sky is not seen, only urban landscapes.
7Portrait of Pablo Picasso (1912)
On the canvas, Pablo Picasso is represented at the age of 31 and holding a palette of paints, in straight lines and geometric shapes. The work is by Juan Gris and is currently at the Chicago Institute of Modern Art, in the United States.
8Jacqueline with crossed hands (1954)
Pablo Picasso's work depicts a woman sitting on the floor with her hands on her knees. Through her posture, it can be understood that she was in a domestic environment. All this with geometric lines, as usual in the movement.
9pieta (1924)
The work of the Brazilian painter, Vicente do Rego Monteiro, demonstrates geometric features. Colors are neutral and bodies are depicted in cylindrical shapes. Currently, the work is at the Museum of Contemporary Art, in São Paulo.
10Violin and pitcher (1910)
This painting by Georges Braque is included in the “analytical phase” of cubism. On the canvas, the violin and the pitcher appear multifaceted, as if seen from a shattered mirror. Today, the work is in the Museum of Art, Basel, Switzerland.
See too:
- Surrealism
- Expressionism
- pre-modernism
- Modernism
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