The first manifestations in favor of Independence of Brazil emerged in the period when the Portuguese royal family lived in Brazil, from 1808 to 1821. Brazil, which was before Cologne, becomes part of the United Kingdom of Portugal and Algarve.
The desire for independence was manifested through movements of a regional and republican separatist character, such as the Pernambuco Revolution, which took place in 1817.
the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte, in 1815, heated up the European political climate, which began to face intense transformations.
In 1820, the Porto Liberal Revolution, as a result of a political and economic crisis experienced by the Portuguese.
This movement, led by soldiers and merchants, required the immediate return of Dom João VI, in addition to the drafting of a new Constitution.
Many Portuguese politicians wanted to recolonize Brazil. Brazilian politicians, on the other hand, fought for the country's sovereignty and independence.
In 1821, Dom João VI returns to Portugal, leaving the country in the care of his son, the prince regent,
Peter I, and his wife, Leopoldine, archduchess of Austria.Thus, the independence of Brazil occurred after the accession of the prince regent and his wife.
Index
- 1 — Participation of Freemasonry
- 2 — Day of Stay
- 3 — Importance of D. Leopoldine
- 4 — Manifests of August 1822
- 5 — Pedro I's bowel problems
1 — Participation of Freemasonry
Freemasonry played an important role in the process of independence in Brazil. The country had these fraternal organizations since the 18th century.
Many Freemasons became involved in national politics, acting on behalf of the country and against the Portuguese Crown. Among the movements led by them, we can mention the Mining Inconfidence (1789).
In June 1822, when there was a tense atmosphere in Brazil regarding the country's intentions to recolonize, the Masonic organization Grande Oriente Brasília, a Masonic institution different from the one that already existed in Brazil, the Grande East Lusitano.
In August 1822, Pedro I was initiated into the new Masonic lodge, adopting the code name of Guatimozin.
The main articulated by the Independence of Brazil were Freemasons: José Bonifácio, Joaquim Gonçalves and José Clemente Pereira. These names were responsible for convincing the Prince Regent to compose the cause of independence.
2 — Day of Stay
Since the end of 1821, the Prince Regent had been under pressure to return to Portugal, a fact that did not happen because of a mobilization organized by the Freemasons.
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The day Pedro I decided to stay in Brazil was made official on January 9, 1822, becoming known as the day of stay.
This day was marked by a declaration by the Prince Regent that he would not give in to the pressure of the Portuguese courts, which demanded his return to the metropolis.
3 — Importance of D. Leopoldine
In August 1822, Pedro I appointed Leopoldina as interim princess regent of Brazil and Head of State.
This attitude was taken due to his absence, which needed to be made good at the Court. Pedro I needed to travel to São Paulo to resolve some political conflicts that could impede the country's independence.
The Portuguese Cortes pressed intensely for Pedro I's return to Portugal, even after the Dia do Fico.
Faced with another ultimatum from Portugal, Leopoldina summoned the Council of State in Rio de Janeiro to decide on the future of the country.
On September 2, 1822, she signed the decree declaring Brazil's independence.
4 — Manifests of August 1822
The August 1822 manifestos were drawn up by José Bonifácio and Joaquim Gonçalves. There were two manifestos that defended different paths for the country after independence.
José Bonifácio's manifesto defended the maintenance of the monarchical regime, while that of Joaquim Gonçalves pointed to a total disconnection from Portugal.
5 — Pedro I's bowel problems
At the time of the break in relations between Brazil and Portugal, Pedro I was visiting the province of São Paulo.
As of September 5, he had not yet been informed of Leopoldina's decision. As a result, he returns to Rio de Janeiro without knowing the country's new political condition.
During the trip, he suffered several bouts of dysentery, so the rhythm of his entourage was constantly interrupted.
Thus, Pedro I received the news of the rupture in the midst of these bouts of stomach pain and, on September 7, 1822, he proclaimed the independence of Brazil, on the banks of the Ipiranga River.
Learn more at:
- Independence Day of Brazil – September 7, 1822
- Causes of Brazilian Independence
- Brazilian Independence Anthem
- List of questions about the independence of Brazil
- The best films about the independence of Brazil
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