What we know in Portuguese as the “nominal forms” of the verb, in Spanish we call “non-personal”. They can function as a noun (infinitive), an adverb (gerund) or an adjective (participle).
Are we going to know some of its uses?
Infinitive
The infinitive has three forms: that of verbs ending in -air(falair), in -er(babyer) is on -go(vgo). It expresses a determined action and, in prayer, it usually plays the role of the noun. /The infinitive is characterized by its three verb forms, ending in -air (habair), and -er (babyer) y en -go (vengo). It expresses a determined action and, in prayer, it performs the function of the name
Eat Salad is healthy./ Eat salad is healthy.
live with happiness. / To live with happiness.
you are important ask excuses./ Is important ask apologies.
We should not forget about decide “gracias”./ We shouldn't forget to to say "thanks".
I have to live one day at a time./ I have to to live one day at a time.
morning voy to sleep bad weather./ Tomorrow I will to sleep earlier.
you are important study./ Is important to study.
you are difficult to be approved itself in the studios. / It's difficult to be approved if you don't study.
Gerund
The gerund in Spanish is characterized by its two forms for the three types of verb. In Portuguese, there are three: -walk(speak: speaking), -endo(drinking: drinking) and -going (leaving: leaving). It expresses an action that is in progress and, in prayer, it usually plays the role of the adverb. / El gerundio, en español, is characterized by its forms for the three types of verb: -walk(habair: hablwalk) y -I understand(babyer: babyi understand / partgo: parti understand). It expresses an action that is in development and, in prayer, that it performs the function of the adverb.
Examples:
I have to leave running not to delay me./ I have to leave running not to be late.
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morning voy walking al work./ Tomorrow I will walking to the work.
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girls singing la music./ Girls singing the music.
The irregularity of some verbs of the third conjugation is also present in the gerund:
Serve: sirvi understand(serving)
read: readyendo(reading)
Traer: trayendo(bringing)
Hi: theyendo(listening)
Sleep: durmi understand(sleeping)
Participle
The participle is characterized by its two regular forms for the three types of verb: -adopted(falair: faladored) and -gone(babyer: babygone / partgo: partgone). It expresses a completed action and, in prayer, it usually plays the role of an adjective. Unlike other nominal forms, the participle is inflected in number (singular, plural): the children wereed; Juan went toadored by Ana. However, when used with the auxiliary verb be, it forms a compound tense, which does not exist in Portuguese, so it is not inflected in number. / The participle is characterized by its regular forms for the three types of verb: -adopted (habair: habladored) y en -gone (babyer: babygone / partgo: partgone). It expresses a finished action and, in prayer, it performs the function of the adjective. Unlike other forms in the personales, the participle inflects number (singular, plural): Los hijos fueron amdear; Juan was amadored by Ana. Without embargo, when used with the auxiliary verb know forma un tiempo compuesto, not existing in Portuguese, so it does not inflect number.
Some examples:
Los hijos fueron beloved by your priests. / the children went beloved by her parents.
I'm worried about Ana. / I am worried with Ana.
Ellos Fueron goodbyes of work. / They went fired from work.
Irregular forms of the participle:
Open: Open (open)
Cover: Cubierto(covered)
Discover: Discover (uncovered)
Decide: Dicho(said)
Write: Written(written)
Hacer: Right(done)
Poner: Puesto(post)
to die: dead(dead)
Solve: Resuelto(sorted out)
Break: Broken (broken)
See: Visa(visa)
Back: Vuelto (back)
Freir: Fried(fried)
go: gone(gone)
by Helen Carvalho
Spanish teacher
Would you like to reference this text in a school or academic work? Look:
CARVALHO, Hellen Lopes de. "Infinitive, gerund and participle in Spanish"; Brazil School. Available in: https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/espanhol/infinitivo-gerundio-participio-espanhol.htm. Accessed on June 28, 2021.
